A Bar At The Folies Bergere Essay - 1737 Words

A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re was one Manet’s last pieces and was part of the avant-garde and Impressionists movement into modernism. He was inspired by Gustave Courbet’s realism and how he approached modernism with the working class like his piece The Stone Breakers. He also wanted to rise to a challenge from an argument made in Charles Baudelaire’s essay â€Å"The Painter of Modern Life† to be â€Å"painters of contemporary manners . . . using both modern subjects and new approaches to seeing and representing the visual world.† He often painted controversial pieces like Le Dà ©jeuner Sur L’Herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass) and Olympia to shock the bourgeoisie with subject matters that were considered immoral to the art world showing the reality of society during that time. While painting this, he was incredibly ill with syphilis thus A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re was his last major piece to be completed and hung in the Salon. Just like his major pieces, he is also demonstrating modernism by having a working barmaid at the Folies-Bergà ¨re as the focal point of the piece (Fig. 1). Unlike his piece Olympia, Manet painted the barmaid with softer strokes instead of intense lining of the body, yet she still has that pale tone with some pinkness in her cheeks. While the Folies-Bergà ¨re was a place of entertainment, her gaze is rather a look of boredom or aloofness perhaps to show that she is not fully part of the bourgeoisie. Because her dress, it makes her class ambiguous and possibly aShow MoreRelatedA Bar At The Folies Bergere1572 Words   |  7 PagesManet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re [Figure 1], Mexican artist Frida Kahlo’s The Two Fridas [Figure 2], and American artist Faith Ringgold’s Dancing at the Louvre [Figure 2]. Spanning the late 19th century into the late 20th century, these common goals to change focus from piece to piece within artwork remain prevalent throughout the world, even with the sharp increase in artistic styles of modern art. The first painting is an impressionistic work by Manet called A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re. This isRead MoreA Bar At Folies Bergere951 Words   |  4 Pagesas â€Å"glorified beer halls† (Clark 206)) were a very popular destination for the people of Paris. Cafà ©s-concerts became an integral part of Parisian social life, as they were visited by hundreds of people each night, regardless of class. A bar at the Folies Bergà ¨re became the topic of Edouard Manet’s last painting, as Manet tried to portray the new, â€Å"modern† Paris, and the introduction of mass production during this time. A Marxist art historian, T.J. Clark finds this particular painting important becauseRead MoreThe Bar At The Folies Bergere1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bar at the Folies-Bergere shows a young lady who works at the Folies-Bergere, a Paris cafe. The lady is the sole focus of the work. Manet has depicted her in a manner that seems both thoughtful and aloof. Her mind seems e lsewhere while she is focused on serving drinks and appetizers to the noisy crowd. The viewer’s attention is focused on her locket pendant, which makes us think of a situation and place far away from this, where she is someone’s beloved, not one of many servers in an overcrowdedRead MoreManet s Bar At The Folies Bergere1401 Words   |  6 PagesManet’s Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re, one of the most perplexing and mysterious paintings to exist, holds deep meaning and reflects French social life in this era. This work of art illustrates a Parisian nightclub, the Folies-Bergà ¨re, which catered to a diverse set of acts including the circus and ballet. It is here that the Barmaid works and where we see the interaction between her and the gentleman. This is where an extremely important concept of the work appears- perspective. Throughout the yearsRead MoreEssay about Edouard Manets Bar at the Folies Bergere1639 Words   |  7 PagesEdouard Manets Bar at the F olies Bergere Edouard Manet’s Bar at the Folies Bergere was completed in 1882. This was to be the last major work Manet would complete before his death. The painting was intended for the Salon, and because of his recently awarded Legion of Honor, Manet could be sure this piece would be accepted. This painting would be considered from the impressionistic style. That Manet’s Bar is a masterpiece can hardly be argued, but the intent of the piece however is theRead MoreThe Reflection Of Edouard Manet Painting A Bar At The Folies Bergere1465 Words   |  6 Pages The reflection of Édouard Manet s Painting Édouard Manet s painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re has been a piece of artwork that has been debated among art historians for over a century; the painting is perplexing due to its ambiguous cultural meaning and therefore creates a discussion between art historians. A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨r deludes the spectator when first looked at, as if there is no uncertainty but then with further observation gives a sense of doubtfulnessRead MoreManet at the Bar1216 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 5, 2012 Manet and The Bar Edouard Manet’s painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, was completed in 1882 and is considered his last great painting. He displayed it at the Paris Salon just one year before his passing. This painting as vexed art historians throughout the years for its complex visual subject matter and leaves Manets true interpretation of his painting in the air for discussion. Although there are many interpretations, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere is an avant-garde; viewer engagingRead More Manet Essay3413 Words   |  14 Pagesthat the new city could be rebuilt. In his book The painting of modern life TJ Clark argues that modern art of the 20th century evolves from the art produced by Manet during this period of great change in Paris. Manets scenes of Parisian cafes, bars and streets reflected the new Paris. Manets work influenced the impressionist painters, who were a strong influences on the painting of the 20th century, so in this sense Manets painting is the first modern art that emerged from the creation of theRead MoreAppropriation in Art Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pages(unlike Duchamps). One of the most well known appropriator is Yasumasa Morimura. He has appropriated a number of artworks from a number of artists. His Daughter of Art History Theatre A, 1989 is an appropriation of Edouard Manets A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, 1881-2, and his Futago, 1988 is Manets Olympia, 1863). He doesnt seem to change much, however he loves to reproduce artworks in which he can replace the women in them with himself. Though his works are similar to Manets, they areRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Ancient Egypt930 Words   |  4 Pagesstallion jumping and parallel bars. Schumann succeeded to beat the English weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot, who was heavier than him, by executing a quick and precise body lock. In Paris, in 1900, and for this fascinating occasion in the recorded background of the current Olympic Games, the Games did prohibit wrestling in their undertaking, paying little mind to the way that meanwhile, master wrestling was doing what needs to be done shape at the Folies Bergà ¨res and the Casino de Paris.

Essay on Role of Geography in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The lust for territory seems to be the real source of conflict, and until one group is satisfied, the appearance of religious conflict will exist in the Middle East. It seems as if the real truth needs to be portrayed to the rest of the world about the true reason for the Arab-Israeli conflict, which is geography and ultimately water. The lack of water stems from the Great Syrian Rift Zone, and causes damage to Israeli land which ultimately decreases the amount of water that flows into the Red Sea. This lack of water causes Israel and other surrounding countries (Jordan, Lebanon, and the Occupied Territories) to only have one source of surface water, which is from Lake Kinnaret, or the Sea of Galilee that flows into the Jordan River.†¦show more content†¦The use of the Hezbollah has greatly added to the continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict and has limited cooperation in all regions. The Hezbollah also attracted U.S. attention after a suicide bomber killed over two hund red Marines in Beirut. In the end, the whole Arab-Israel conflict comes down to fighting for the Occupied Territories due to their overarching benefits. This conflict is not a religious struggle, but rather a struggle for territory and it will continue with war crimes and human rights violations for a long time until everyone in the Middle East is satisfied, which has a very low probability of occurring. EFFECTS ON REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY As one can see this issue directly impacts the Middle East because it drives all actions that develop there. Whatever attacks that come from this area are more than likely directly related the Arab-Israeli conflict. Recently a survey conducted in EU of 7,515 people in 15 EU countries said â€Å"yes†60% of the time to the question of if Israel presents a threat to peace. This percentage put Israel ahead of Iran, North Korea, and the U.S. each of which had a 53% â€Å"yes† vote. This survey, not knowing the sampling population, reflects a general notion that Israel is a threat to global security. This may or may not be true, but what is true is that the Arab-Israeli conflict is a threat to regional security, and some of the threatsShow MoreRelatedThe Israel-Palestine Conflict Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Israel-Palestine Conflict The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a part of the greater Arab-Israeli long-running conflict in the Middle East. The main point of this conflict is the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with Arab states and with the Palestinian population in the area. The idea and concept of Israel was born in the mid 19th century. Jews of Europe and America wanted a place for their homeland, where they could go and beRead MoreInternational Politics : Mid Term Exam724 Words   |  3 PagesRelations. Use concrete examples to support your claims. 3. What national values and beliefs contribute to defining American Interests? What linkage can be drawn between these and our behavior abroad? 4. Can there eventually be Arab-Israeli peace? How? What role can the United States play in the peace process? 5. What is the relationship between democracy and economics? Why has the Global South tended toward socialism and statism? Taylor Bullock International Politics Mid-TermRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 Pagesothers to join. Quite often, people will avoid others that have a history of mental illness because of fear they may be harmed by them ((Carr-Ruffino, p.510). These individuals view a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. This conflicts with data which indicates that persons with mental illness tend to be no more prone to violence than the general population. However, the few, but well-publicized, isolated cases of mentally ill persons misbehaving have perpetuated this myth. ThisRead MoreRelationship Between Rwanda, Israels Perceptions Of The 1994 Rwandan Genocide1249 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Rwanda, Israel, and Operation Protective Edge.† I wish to continue my current research on Rwandan perceptions of the international community with a more specific focus on its relationship with Israel as well as a broader examination of African-Israeli relations. This resea rch will include fieldwork periods with the expectation for it to produce at least five academic journal articles and organising an academic conference with participants’ presentations published in an edited book. Israel’s currentRead MoreIsrael s Impact On The Middle East1167 Words   |  5 PagesIsrael: Few Against Many Despite being one of the worlds’ smallest countries, Israel has prevailed in all conflicts since its independence from British rule in 1948. (U.S. Relations with Israel) If Israel is lost to the neighboring countries the United States will lose an important ally and strong presence in the Middle East. Despite all the controversy and conflict over the 7,850 square miles is home to some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. From the southernmostRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1608 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-Americans, women, and others to join. Quite often, people will avoid others that have a history of mental illness because of fear they may be harmed by them. These individuals view a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. This conflicts with data which indicates that persons with mental illness tend to be no more prone to violence than the general population. However, the few, but well-publicized, isolated cases of mentally ill persons misbehaving have perpetuated this myth. ThisRead MoreHuman Intelligence Operations Targeted Against Hamas Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at a known adversary, one can apply a human intelligence mission in order to defeat or negate the enemies’ actions. No region is more suitable for human intelligence missions than Israel and the occupied territories of Palestine. Israeli intelligence and the Israeli military have been battling Hamas for decades. Hamas is a well-known Islamic Fundamentalist organization that operates in the occupied territory of Palestine, specifically, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and inside Israel. Israel’s fightRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Palestinian Conflict2122 Words   |  9 PagesThe Middle East has long been home to very deep-rooted conflict. For too long, the citizens of the Middle East have lived in the central of death and fear. The animosity between few, takes the hope of hundreds. The Arab-Israeli-Palestinian conflict is most notably the largest issue preventing peace in the Middle East, but it is by no means the only issue. The issue of bankrolling and foreign aid are also issues preventing peace; because the U.S provides so much funding and foreign aid to certainRead MoreWater Conflict in the Jordan River Basin3403 Words   |  14 Pagessecuring water rights for their respective states. The conflict over water is also overshadowed by the Arab -Israeli issues and the subsequent territorial questions. While territory is often at the forefront of the issues, securing water has also become a contributing factor in the conflicts of the past, and will continue in the future. Choices of conflict or cooperation will have to be made, given the diminishing amounts of water available. Water conflict in the Jordan River Basin Introduction Since timeRead MoreEssay about Israel And The Palestinians2991 Words   |  12 Pages Israel is situated at the connection of Africa and Asia. It is 20,000 square kilometres and unlike its neighbour Arab states it lacks natural resources. Lebanon and Syria border it in the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has also been holding Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of the River Jordan since 1967. It has an extremely varied geography and climate. Most of the coastline lies on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south are the valleys of Jezreel and Hulveh

ASEAN Political Security Community - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the ASEAN Political Security Community. Answer: Introduction: Since the foundation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) fifty years ago, there has been greater integration among the member states. The continued cooperation among the member countries has helped to overcome several regional crisis and problems in unison. In the early days, the agreements were arrived at amicably and also disagreements did not cause enmity among the members. The earlier founders of ASEAN embraced the culture of solving things in an informal atmosphere that was characterized by friendship, and sense of hope and optimism(Acharya, 1991, p. 162). The impressive relation between the ASEAN member states led to the establishment ASEAN Security Community in 2003 that was later changed to ASEAN Political-Security Community with the aim of enhancing multilateral defense cooperation(Albek, 2015, p. 3). However, the current South China Sea dispute appears to threaten the defense cooperation that has existed among the ASEAN member states over a decade. The reg ional crisis has forced ASEAN member states to focus on realizing their national peace more than the achievement of the regional peace(Nguyen, 2015, p. 16). For example, it has become very hard for the diplomats from the member countries to agree on the way forward on the South China Sea dispute. This paper refers to this crisis to formulate advice to the ASIEN member states on how to deal with the South China Sea dispute to restore the threatened regional defense cooperation. This report finds that serious issues arising from the South China Sea dispute have threatened ASEAN unity and defense cooperation. For example, the regional insecurity and arms race competition has become intense. China has engaged in the deployment of the military in the disputed territory against the spirit of ASEAN Political-Security Community. Besides, the Chinese neighbors who claim the ownership right of the sea have continued to increase their military budget and also sought military cooperation from external countries such as the USA(Tong, 2016). The approaches by the different ASEAN member states threatens the security of the region. This report recommends that cooperation and development will help to overcome the increased regional insecurity and arms race competition being perpetuated by the individual ASEAN member states at the expense of its defense cooperation. The report also finds that the South China Sea dispute has caused a threat to the environment and civilians and increased ASEAN individual member states economic interests. These consequences have continued to weaken the ASEAN defense cooperation further. In the efforts to secure South China Sea, the claimants of the territory, for example, China has established an artificial island in the sea. With the combination of the military tools in the sea, the natural environment is being threatened. Additionally, the ASIEN member states have encouraged their fishermen to carry out their fishing activities consistently to prove the individual state ownership over the territory. Moreover, the economic interests of the individual member states on the sea have become a major stumbling block to end the dispute(Tong, 2016). To solve this dispute, this report advocates for comprehensive consultations and redefined consensus in arriving at the association decision. However, this may not work effect ively for the South China Sea dispute, and therefore, this paper calls for establishment of the code of conduct whereby the majority decision will be abiding by all ASEAN member states. The current disputes over the South China Sea territory originate from both maritime and island claims among individuals member states of ASEAN in the region (Sathirathai, 2015). Ideally, this is because of the benefits associated with the waters and other features such as banks, reefs, and islands in the region. The members of the ASEAN that are claiming the ownership of the South China Sea want to be given fishing rights, exploitation of the potential crude oil in the seabed, exploration and even a control of the major shipping lanes(Mirski, 2015). The lack of agreement on the issues mentioned above has almost claimed the union and integration of ASEAN as well as its defense cooperation that was formed with the goal of preventing external attacks. According to the analysts, the disputes over the South China Sea territory are the potential sources of disagreements in the broader region(Limaye, 2015). The dispute over this territory seems to have been heightened by the stance stand t aken by the ASEAN member countries. This paper highlights some of the consequences that have risen from the South China Sea crisis and if not checked they may result to the disintegration of ASEAN defense cooperation. This view is in support of Nguyen (2015) who noted that if the actions by the member states are not curtailed, they may disintegrate the ASEAN defense cooperation. Increased Regional Insecurity and Arms Race The current and the worse threat is the militarization among the individual member states as the result of the South China Sea disputes. China leads in the arms race war. For example, in early 2016 without the consultation of other ASEAN members, China deployed military weapons on Woody Island(Tong, 2016). This came as a shock to members of ASIEN because the consultations on dispute were in progress and China did so without informing them. Besides, China has gone ahead to threaten that it will deploy more weaponry including Air Defense Identification Zone to control the movement of crafts "over her claimed territory." China claims that it owns 90 percent of the Sea, the claims that were termed as illegitimate by the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague(Tong, 2016). After the court ruling, the Chinese became more defiant and deployed more military tools in the region. China is acting unilaterally without considering the positions of other members in the ASEAN as well underminin g the role of the ASEAN Political-Security Community(Held, 2016). The Chinese act distressed and disappointment her neighbors in the ASEAN as well the United States. To respond to the Chinas action, some member states of ASEAN such as Philippines, Indonesia, Australia and Japan with the involvement of the United States formed joint military patrols on the arguments that they were exercising freedom of navigation exercise(Tong, 2016). The actions by the Chinese neighbors confirm that the ASEAN defense cooperation role is no longer observed. The fiasco among the ASEAN members did not end here because the individual members states that claimed the ownership of the sea have gone ahead to upgrade their military. For example, Philippines, Malaysia, and Japan have increased their military cooperation and also sought military cooperation from the United States(Tong, 2016). The China Sea dispute has brought disunity among the ASIEN member states resulting to the arms race and therefore, threatening the peace in the region. Despite the earlier regional integration cooperation on the critical crisis facing the region, this one has become unsolvable to the point of destroying the unity and cooperation that have existed over the years among the members of ASEAN(Albek, 2015, p. 16). Now, the crucial question remains, what should the best strategies of curbing the current increasing arms race and increased insecurity in the region. This paper offers several recommendations that ASIEN members should put in place and ensure they are adhered to by each member state to avoid the increasing insecurity in the region. Based on the above issues raised in above two paragraphs, nationalism among the members have largely contributed to the insecurity and arms race competition in the region. This paper perceives that having strong cooperation and association will help to overcome these problems. As noted above the major factors that have contributed to the worsening of the South China Sea dispute and threatened the ASIEAN defense cooperation are economic and distrust among the member countries. The ASEAN should consider building its association on cooperation and development. To establish and maintain a strong cooperation and development, the ASEAN should look to the European Union (EU). The European Union might not be the perfect association, but its standards in the promotion of the liberal democracy bring it into the limelight in the global arena(Albek, 2015). However, for the cooperation and development in the ASIEN to thrive, the member states should go through reforms as it was the case in the European Union nations. The EU nations have undergone through many reforms that influence them to conform to the set EU standards hence reducing the economic orientations and political languages gaps that may exist among the member states(Tong, 2016). From the observation of the European Union operations and activities, it is clear that the members can reach consensus with ease than the ASEAN members. Therefore, ASEAN should focus on setting standards that all the members should conform to. However, for this suggestion to work, the individual member states should be undertaken through reforms. Threats to Environment, Civilians and Economic Activities The South China Sea dispute also has had severe impacts on the environment, civilians and the economic activities in the region, hence, weakening the ASEAN defense cooperation further. The continued dispute over the region has forced China to construct artificial islands on the sea illegally. This has caused a lot of damage to the natural environment. Besides, the China has gone ahead to bring an idea of establishing nuclear power station on these artificial islands. This further puts the natural environment in the region into more threats. The communities in the region expects that the ASEAN will prevent these environmental threats through its Political-Security Community. However, the crisis on the sea has hampered the ASEAN from protecting the environment in the region based on the Code of Conduct in the South China. The due Chinese influence on this dispute appears to render the response of ASEAN in the region meaningless. The dispute in the region has further continued to threaten the peace and the lives of the civilians. The individual member states claiming to have right to own the South China Sea, encourages fishers from their countries to persistently conduct fishing in the disputed region. According to Tong (2016) the individual members usually act in such a manner to assert their claim to the disputed territory at the national level. Even though the strategy being used by the claimants is good to prove the ownership of the territory, it has continued to put the lives of the citizens in danger. For example, in the last four years, there have been deadly clashes between Chinese naval boats and the Vietnamese fishing boats. Additionally, it has been confirmed that the Chinese naval vessels intentionally attacks and sinks the Vietnamese fishing boats(Limaye, 2015). Malaysia has also raised a concern about the Chinese illegal sea activities at its territory. The military might being portrayed by seve ral ASEAN signatories undermines the responsibility of Political-Security Community over the region. Economic interests have been another critical issues disrupting the association, cooperation and unity of ASEAN. It is important to highlight that the South China Sea is a vital trade route in the region. The findings reveal that the South China Sea trade route transacts over $5 trillion in a year(Tong, 2016). The lucrative economic benefits associated with this territory has made the claimants to marshal their efforts harder to have an ownership at the national level. The protection of the economic interests in the region is not a responsibility of the individual states but rather a collective responsibility of the ASEAN on behalf of the member states through meaningful political measures and peaceful negotiations(Tong, 2016). However, this it would be difficult to work because member countries put their national interests first and do not trust one another. Therefore, it would be difficult to convene a meeting or conference where the ASEAN can agree on how to deal with raising econ omic interests in the region which if not addressed may disrupt the defense cooperation of the ASEAN member states. This paper opines that the recommendations offered below will help to resolve the rising issues discussed above as well help ASEAN Political-Security Community regain its responsibility in the region. Recommendations: As noted earlier in this paper, the earlier founders of ASEAN resolved their disagreements peacefully through consultations and consensus. Even where and when the founders did not agree they still maintained a united association (Acharya, 1992, p. 8). However, the South China Sea dispute has made the founders' approach to settling the regional crisis a nightmare for the member countries. This paper calls the ASEAN to go back to the drawing board and try as much as possible inculcate to the culture of consultation and consensus in the association. This would be the best way to mitigate or get rid of the continued crisis of the South China Sea. This paper views that, a decision-making process based on consultations and consensus will offer solutions to the disgruntled member states in the association and encourage the upholding of the ASEAN Political-Security Community responsibility over the region. This is because every state will feel represented and its opinion respected. However, with only consultations and consensus as the tools of settling it may be difficult to resolve the crisis on the South China Sea. This because it would be difficult to use either consensus or consultation to reach the joint agreement about the current crisis bearing in mind that China claims to own 90 percent of the sea and may always object the joint agreement(Tong, 2016). Therefore, it is important for the ASEAN to supplement consultation and consensus with the code of conduct that will aid the decision-making process. The code of conduct can suggest that the decision by the majority will be relied upon when reaching the decision. Through thi s approach, it will be easier for the ASEAN to resolve the South China Sea dispute and regain its defense cooperation. Conclusion The South China Sea dispute is the real challenge facing the ASEAN that has threatened its defense cooperation, Political-Security Community. It has been proved that the association has lacked the right strategies on how to puzzle the challenge facing the region. Instead, each region seems to put its national interests first. These are actions if not checked may crumble the association and the cooperation that has been existing within the ASEAN member states since 1967. Therefore, it is a challenge for the ASEAN to look at the more appropriate ways on to deal with the South China Sea dispute menace. It is the right time for ASEAN to regain its reputable image and gain recognition as the association that can solve its regional crisis as it is the case in the European Union. References Acharya, A., 1991. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations: "Security Community" or "Defence Community"?. Pacific Affairs, 64(2), pp. 159-178. Acharya, A., 1992. Regional Military-Security Cooperation in the Third World: A Conceptual Analysis of the Relevance and Limitations of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Journal of Peace Research, 29(1), pp. 7-21. Albek, A., 2015. The ASEAN Political-Security Community: Enhancing Defense Cooperation, California: Naval Postgraduate SchooL. Held, R., 2016. South China Sea Clashes Are Fracturing ASEAN. [Online] Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/south-china-sea-clashes-are-fracturing-asean-16699 [Accessed 4 June 2017]. Limaye, S., 2015. The Impact of South China Sea (SCS) Tensions on ASEAN: An Eye-of-the-Beholder Dilemma. [Online] Available at: https://www.theasanforum.org/the-impact-of-south-china-sea-scs-tensions-on-asean-an-eye-of-the-beholder-dilemma/ [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2017]. Mirski, S., 2015. The South China Sea Dispute: A Brief History. [Online] Available at: https://www.lawfareblog.com/south-china-sea-dispute-brief-history [Accessed 20 September 2017]. Nguyen, A., 2015. The Origins of the South China Sea Dispute. In: Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 15-35. SATHIRATHAI, S., 2015. Eight challenges ASEAN Must Overcome. [Online] Available at: https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/eight-challenges-asean-must-overcome [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2016]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 1: Why the South China Sea Is a Critical Test: The South China Sea dispute is a threat to the unity of ASEAN as a regional organization.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-1-why-the-south-china-sea-is-a-critical-test/ [Accessed 20 September 2017]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 2: Why Can't ASEAN Agree on the South China Sea?: How internal and external factors hamstring ASEAN when it comes to the South China Sea.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-2-why-cant-asean-agree-on-the-south-china-sea/ [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2017]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 3: What Should ASEAN Do About the South China Sea Dispute?: Three ways ASEAN can improve its ability to mediate in the South China Sea disputes.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-3-what-should-asean-do-about-the-south-china-sea-dispute/ [Accessed 20 September 2017].

The Cast Of Amontillado Essays - The Cask Of Amontillado

The Cast Of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe, born on January 19, 1809, is one of the greatest American writers of all time. The story of Edgar Allen Poes life remains one of the most disputed and slandered in the pages of American biography, despite conscious attempts to revise the story and rehabilitate the life. Decadence and immorality, in the form of alcoholism, opium addiction, and his relationships with women, and prolific production, as a journalist, editor, poet, reviewer, critic, and fiction writer, have been emphasized as characterizing his brief life (Lent 3). Poes many writings were greatly affected by his problems in life and his experiences. One such short story is The Cask of Amontillado. The main character, Montresor, who is vengeful, intelligent, and fakes sincerity, causes the death of Fortunato. The Cask of Amontillado starts out with Montresor, the narrator, saying, The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. Simply by reading the first sentence of the story, it is easy to see that Montresor is vengeful and plans to get revenge on Fortunato. Montresor also has a coat of arms which is, A huge human foot dor, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel, with a motto of, Nemo me impune lacessit, which stands for no one attacks me with impunity. The coat of arms and the family motto both suggest retribution. The arms symbolize Montresor and Fortunato, Fortunato stepping on Montresor, the snake, and Montresor getting even with Fortunato, the foot. Not only is Montresor vengeful, he is also very intelligent in his actions. In order to bring Fortunato into the wine cellars, Montresor had to make sure that there were no attendants at home. Montresor tells the reader, They had absconded to make merry in honor of the time. I had told them that I should not return until the morning, and had given explicit orders not to stir from the house. These orders were sufficient, I well knew, to insure their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turned. Montresor knew that by telling his servants that he would be gone until the morning they would go to the carnival whether he had told them to stay home or not. Montresor was also a mason and used his skill and intelligence to seal the fate of Fortunato. Montresor had hid building stone and mortar in the cellar under a pile of bones, and had carried a trowel with him. He did such a good job sealing the niche in the wall, where Fortunato stood chained, and replacing the bon es that, For the half of a century no mortal has disturbed them. In the story, Montresor is two-faced and fakes his sincerity towards Fortunato. Montresor does this by flattering and acting concerned about the health of Fortunato when really his only concern is killing Fortunato. While in the wine cellar, Montresor says to Fortunato, Come, we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill, and I cannot be responsible. Besides, there is Luchesi-. Montresor does an excellent job of being Fortunatos friend and at the same time convinces him to continue drinking and telling him, A draught of this Medoc will defend us from the damps. Montresor was not trying to defend either one of them, his only purpose was to place Fortunato into a higher state of drunkenness. Montresor causes Fortunato to become so drunk that while he was being chained to the wall by Montresor, He was too much astounded to resist. The Cask of Amontillado is filled with many ironies and also life lessons; such as know who your real friends are. Fortunato thought his real friend was Montresor when, in reality, Montresor was anything but his friend. Not only did Montresor fake his sincerity towards Fortunato, he was also vengeful and very intelligent in his actions to kill Fortunato. Book Reports

Subliminal Recording Essays

Subliminal Recording Essays Subliminal Recording Essay Subliminal Recording Essay This essay is about the use of subliminal voice messages to improve the work of the employees in a company. The subliminal voice messages are the ultrasound voice messages, which cannot be heard, but are understood by the brain. It is believed now, that these can improve the efficiency, productivity, loyalty and enthusiasm of work place employees. The following paper is an attempt to prove this fact. Subliminal Recording Background: For the first time, the subliminal messages came into notice, when E. W. Scripture described the basic principles of the subliminal messages, in his book ‘The New Psychology’, published in 1898. Then, in 1900, an American professor of psychology, Knight Dunlap practically experienced it by flashing a shadow to the students while showing them an illusion, containing two lines, with the pointed arrows at both the ends, thus giving an impression of different lengths. He believed that this shadow had influenced his students subliminally in the perception of the lengths of the lines. The subliminal recording first got attention shortly after the discovery by Freud that all human beings possess a hidden, unconscious mind. Following this discovery, another scientist, named Dr. O. Poetzle, started research on the effect of subliminal stimulation on dream content. His efforts resulted in his discovery about a close relationship between the subliminal stimuli and the posthypnotic suggestion, in 1917. This discovery was named after him, as ‘The Poetzle Effect’. This effect shows that the subliminal perception of mind, shows its effect by evoking the dreams, or actions sometime after the original perception of mind occurred. Following these two successful discoveries, this field gathered more attention, and a lot Subliminal Recording 3 more efforts were made in an attempt to understand this phenomenon in a better way. All the research done in this field, has proved that the subliminal perception does have an influence on the unconscious or the subconscious mind. It has been proved that it is even helpful in changing the behavior of people. Effects of Subliminal Recording on Various Fields of Life Discussed below are the different aspects of life, where a proven effect of subliminal recordings have been showed. Public Awareness: The subliminal perception for the public awareness first took place in 1957, as an controversial experiment conducted by the market researcher James Victory in a Fort Lee, New Jersey, movie theatre. The subliminal messages used in this experiment were: â€Å"Hungry? Eat popcorn. Thirsty? Drink Coca-Cola. † These messages were flashed only for a fraction of a second, for every five seconds, during the show of movie named ‘Picnic. ’ It resulted in a dramatic increase in the sale of both the popcorn, and Coca-Cola. Reduction in Shoplifting: Recently, another way of communicating via subliminal messages have been discovered; it is by using the music and audio programs. The ‘TIME’ magazine has written in one of its articles, published in 1979, titled as ‘Secret Voices’, that in US and Canada, about 50 departmental stores were using this system of subliminal voice messages, in order to reduce the shoplifting and the employee theft. The article says that one of the East Coast chain of departmental stores, reported a 37% reduction of theft, leading to a profit of about $600,000 over a period of nine months Similarly, the WALL STREET JOURNAL, published an article in 1980, stating that this way of communication was Subliminal recording 4 used in a New Orleans supermarket. It resulted in a reduction in the pilferage loss from about $50,000 per six months to less than $13,000. Also, there was a drop in the Cashier shortages, from $125 per week, to about less than $10 per week. Here, the subliminal messages used were: â€Å"I take a great deal of pride in being honest. I will not steal. I am honest. † Now, in the next section, we come to the scientific evidence of the effects of subliminal recordings on the subconscious mind. Scientific Evidence Extensive Documentation of the Subliminal Perception: Dr. Norman Dixon, a psychologist at the University College in London, England, has summarized 748 research studies on subliminal perception, in his work titled as â€Å"Preconscious Processing. † One of such studies was done by Zuckerman, in 1960. This research work showed that the subliminal stimulus can by-pass the conscious effort of a person. It also stated that it makes it very unlikely for a person to resist the subconscious instructions. In his experiment, Zuckerman gave the Thematic Apperception Test cards to his subjects. These cards contained the ambiguous pictures, with the subliminal message ‘Write more’ or ‘Don’t Write’ on it. These messages clearly showed their effects as long as they were subliminal, but as soon as the subjects came to perceive them consciously, they lost their effects on them. Behavioral Improvements from Subliminal Messages: Dr. Lloyd H. Silverman, a psychologist at New York University has been working on the research of subliminal recordings since last 20 years. He experimented on 40 groups of subjects. All of them showed a positive response in the form of change of their behavior after exposure to Subliminal Recording 5 selected subliminal messages. One of such groups was that of the smokers. In 1980, he selected half a group of smokers, who were receiving the behavior modification therapy to quit smoking. They were exposed to the subliminal messages, and the results observed one month after the end of treatment showed that about 66% of the patients were still non-smokers, compared to 13% of the control group. Other groups of subjects used for experiments by Silverman included assertiveness training classes, adolescents receiving psychotherapy, college students in group therapy, alcoholics in the Alcoholics Anonymous counseling and people suffering from the insect phobias and overeating.

Biography of René Magritte, Belgian Surrealist

Biography of Renà © Magritte, Belgian Surrealist Renà ©Ã‚  Magritte  (1898-1967)  was a famous 20th-century Belgian artist known for his unique  surrealist works. Surrealists  explored the human condition through unrealistic imagery that often came from dreams and the subconscious. Magrittes imagery came from the real world but he used it in unexpected ways. His goal as an artist was  to challenge the viewers assumptions by using odd and surprising juxtapositions of familiar objects such as bowler hats, pipes, and floating rocks. He changed the scale of some objects, he deliberately excluded others, and he played with words and meaning. One of his most famous paintings, The Treachery of Images (1929), is a painting of a pipe below which is written Ceci nest pas une pipe.   (English translation: This is not a pipe.)   Magritte died August 15, 1967 in  Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium, of pancreatic cancer. He was buried in  Schaarbeek Cemetery. Early Life and Training Renà © Franà §ois Ghislain Magritte (pronounced mag ·reet) was born November 21, 1898, in Lessines, Hainaut, Belgium. He was the eldest of three sons born to Là ©opold (1870-1928) and Rà ©gina (nà ©e Bertinchamps; 1871-1912) Magritte. Aside from a few facts, almost nothing is known of Magrittes childhood. We know that the familys financial status was comfortable because of Là ©opold, ostensibly a tailor, made handsome profits from his investments in edible oils and bouillon cubes. We also know that young Renà © sketched and painted early on, and began taking formal lessons in drawing in 1910 - the same year that he produced his first  oil painting. Anecdotally, he was said to be a lackluster student in school. The artist himself had little to say about his childhood beyond a few vivid memories that shaped his way of seeing. Perhaps this relative silence about his early life was born when his mother committed suicide in 1912. Rà ©gina had been suffering from depression for an undocumented number of years and was so badly affected that she was usually kept in a locked room. On the night she escaped, she immediately went to the nearest bridge and threw herself into the River Sambre that flowed behind the Magrittes property. Rà ©gina was missing for days before her body was discovered a mile or so downriver. Legend has it that Rà ©ginas nightgown had wrapped itself around her head by the time her corpse was recovered, and an acquaintance of Renà ©s later started the story that he was present when his mother was pulled from the river. He was certainly not there. The only public comment he ever made on the subject was that hed felt guiltily happy to be the focal point of sensation and sympathy, both at school and in his neighborhood. However, veils, curtains, faceless people, and headless faces and torsos  did  become recurring themes in his paintings. In 1916, Magritte enrolled in the  Academie des Beaux-Arts  in Brussels seeking inspiration and a safe distance from the WWI German invasion. He found none of the former but one of his classmates at the Academie introduced him to  cubism, futurism, and purism, three movements he found exciting and which significantly changed the style of his work. Career Magritte  emerged from the  Academie  qualified to do commercial art. After a compulsory year of service in the military in 1921, Magritte returned home and found work as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and worked freelance in advertising to pay the bills while he continued to paint. During this time he saw a painting  by the Italian surrealist  Giorgio de Chirico, called  The Song of Love, which greatly influenced his own art. Magritte created his first surreal painting, Le Jockey Perdu  (The Lost Jockey) in 1926, and had his first solo show in 1927 in Brussels at the Galerie de Centaure. The show was reviewed critically, however, and Magritte, depressed, moved to Paris, where he  befriended Andre Breton and joined the surrealists there - Salvador Dalà ­, Joan Miro, and Max Ernst.  He produced a number of important works during this time, such as The Lovers,  The False Mirror, and the Treachery of Images. After three years, he returned to Brussels and to his work in advertising, forming a company with his brother, Paul. This gave him money to live on while continuing to paint. His painting went through different styles during the last years of World War II as a reaction to the pessimism of his earlier work. He adopted a style similar to the Fauves for a short time during 1947-1948, and also supported himself doing copies of paintings by Pablo Picasso,  Georges Braque, and de Chirico. Magritte dabbled in communism, and whether the forgeries were for purely financial reasons or intended to disrupt Western bourgeois capitalist habits of thought is debatable.   Magritte and  Surrealism Magritte had a witty sense of humor that is evident in his work and in his subject matter. He delighted in representing the paradoxical nature of reality in his paintings and in making the viewer question what reality really is. Rather than depicting fantastic creatures in fictional landscapes, he painted ordinary objects and people in realistic settings. Notable characteristics of his work include the following: His arrangements were often impossible under the laws of physics.The scale of these mundane elements was frequently (and deliberately) wrong.When words were painted - as they were periodically - they were usually a witticism of some sort, as in the aforementioned painting, The Treachery of Images on which he painted, Ceci nest pas une pipe. (This is not a pipe.) Although the viewer can clearly see that the painting is, indeed, of a pipe, Magrittes point is just that - that it is only a  picture  of a pipe. You cant pack it with tobacco, light it, and smoke it. The joke is on the viewer, and Magritte points out the misunderstandings that are inherent in language.Ordinary objects were painted in unusual  ways and in unorthodox juxtapositions in order to evoke mystery. He is known for painting men in bowler hats, perhaps autobiographical, but perhaps merely a prop for his visual games. Famous Quotes Magritte spoke about the meaning, ambiguity, and mystery of his work  in these quotes and others, providing viewers with clues  as to how to interpret his art: My painting is visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, What does that mean? It does not mean anything because mystery means nothing, it is unknowable.Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see.Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist. Important Works: The Menaced Assassin, 1927The Treachery of Images, 1928-29The Key of Dreams, 1930The Human Condition, 1934Not to be Reproduced, 1937Time Transfixed, 1938The Listening Room, 1952Golconda, 1953 More of Renà © Magrittes work can be seen in the Special Exhibition Gallery Renà © Magritte: The Pleasure Principle. Legacy Magrittes art had a significant impact on the Pop and Conceptual art movements that followed and on the way, we have come to view, understand, and accept surrealist art today. In particular, his repeated use of commonplace objects, the commercial style of his work, and the importance of the concept of technique inspired Andy Warhol and others.  His work has infiltrated our culture to such an extent that it has almost become invisible, with  artists and others continuing to borrow Magrittes iconic images for labels and advertising, something that would no doubt greatly please Magritte. Resources and Further Reading Calvocoressi, Richard. Magritte.London: Phaidon, 1984. Gablik, Suzi. Magritte.New York: Thames Hudson, 2000. Paquet, Marcel. Rene Magritte, 1898-1967: Thought Rendered Visible.New York: Taschen America LLC, 2000.

Business Strategy for Nucleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Strategy for Nucleon - Essay Example This favors Nucleon building its own plant which means higher costs and more time, although it also implies greater control. Contracting also involves more time and an estimated expense of about 4 million dollars. Moreover, there is the danger of confidential information about manufacturing leaking out, although it would free Nucleon’s R&D people to focus exclusively on their specialty which is research – this is also the factor that has propelled Nucleon to the top.   However, in my view, vertical integration is not favored in this case. The reason is that Phase I and II trials are still an experimental stage of development of the drug and all investments made on the pilot plant could be lost, while also deflecting funds from other research work. Contracting out is not a good option due to loss of confidentiality. However, the licensing option offers an excellent situation because it allows risks associated with clinical trials and expenses related to development, marketing and sales of the drug to a third Company, while also protecting Nucleon’s patent on the product. This will allow the Company to focus on its core competencies, i.e, research, and development. One of the developments in management theory is the belief that most firms have only a few â€Å"core competencies† where they possess exceptional skills and abilities.