A Bar At The Folies Bergere Essay - 1737 Words

A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re was one Manet’s last pieces and was part of the avant-garde and Impressionists movement into modernism. He was inspired by Gustave Courbet’s realism and how he approached modernism with the working class like his piece The Stone Breakers. He also wanted to rise to a challenge from an argument made in Charles Baudelaire’s essay â€Å"The Painter of Modern Life† to be â€Å"painters of contemporary manners . . . using both modern subjects and new approaches to seeing and representing the visual world.† He often painted controversial pieces like Le Dà ©jeuner Sur L’Herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass) and Olympia to shock the bourgeoisie with subject matters that were considered immoral to the art world showing the reality of society during that time. While painting this, he was incredibly ill with syphilis thus A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re was his last major piece to be completed and hung in the Salon. Just like his major pieces, he is also demonstrating modernism by having a working barmaid at the Folies-Bergà ¨re as the focal point of the piece (Fig. 1). Unlike his piece Olympia, Manet painted the barmaid with softer strokes instead of intense lining of the body, yet she still has that pale tone with some pinkness in her cheeks. While the Folies-Bergà ¨re was a place of entertainment, her gaze is rather a look of boredom or aloofness perhaps to show that she is not fully part of the bourgeoisie. Because her dress, it makes her class ambiguous and possibly aShow MoreRelatedA Bar At The Folies Bergere1572 Words   |  7 PagesManet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re [Figure 1], Mexican artist Frida Kahlo’s The Two Fridas [Figure 2], and American artist Faith Ringgold’s Dancing at the Louvre [Figure 2]. Spanning the late 19th century into the late 20th century, these common goals to change focus from piece to piece within artwork remain prevalent throughout the world, even with the sharp increase in artistic styles of modern art. The first painting is an impressionistic work by Manet called A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re. This isRead MoreA Bar At Folies Bergere951 Words   |  4 Pagesas â€Å"glorified beer halls† (Clark 206)) were a very popular destination for the people of Paris. Cafà ©s-concerts became an integral part of Parisian social life, as they were visited by hundreds of people each night, regardless of class. A bar at the Folies Bergà ¨re became the topic of Edouard Manet’s last painting, as Manet tried to portray the new, â€Å"modern† Paris, and the introduction of mass production during this time. A Marxist art historian, T.J. Clark finds this particular painting important becauseRead MoreThe Bar At The Folies Bergere1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bar at the Folies-Bergere shows a young lady who works at the Folies-Bergere, a Paris cafe. The lady is the sole focus of the work. Manet has depicted her in a manner that seems both thoughtful and aloof. Her mind seems e lsewhere while she is focused on serving drinks and appetizers to the noisy crowd. The viewer’s attention is focused on her locket pendant, which makes us think of a situation and place far away from this, where she is someone’s beloved, not one of many servers in an overcrowdedRead MoreManet s Bar At The Folies Bergere1401 Words   |  6 PagesManet’s Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re, one of the most perplexing and mysterious paintings to exist, holds deep meaning and reflects French social life in this era. This work of art illustrates a Parisian nightclub, the Folies-Bergà ¨re, which catered to a diverse set of acts including the circus and ballet. It is here that the Barmaid works and where we see the interaction between her and the gentleman. This is where an extremely important concept of the work appears- perspective. Throughout the yearsRead MoreEssay about Edouard Manets Bar at the Folies Bergere1639 Words   |  7 PagesEdouard Manets Bar at the F olies Bergere Edouard Manet’s Bar at the Folies Bergere was completed in 1882. This was to be the last major work Manet would complete before his death. The painting was intended for the Salon, and because of his recently awarded Legion of Honor, Manet could be sure this piece would be accepted. This painting would be considered from the impressionistic style. That Manet’s Bar is a masterpiece can hardly be argued, but the intent of the piece however is theRead MoreThe Reflection Of Edouard Manet Painting A Bar At The Folies Bergere1465 Words   |  6 Pages The reflection of Édouard Manet s Painting Édouard Manet s painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨re has been a piece of artwork that has been debated among art historians for over a century; the painting is perplexing due to its ambiguous cultural meaning and therefore creates a discussion between art historians. A Bar at the Folies-Bergà ¨r deludes the spectator when first looked at, as if there is no uncertainty but then with further observation gives a sense of doubtfulnessRead MoreManet at the Bar1216 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 5, 2012 Manet and The Bar Edouard Manet’s painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, was completed in 1882 and is considered his last great painting. He displayed it at the Paris Salon just one year before his passing. This painting as vexed art historians throughout the years for its complex visual subject matter and leaves Manets true interpretation of his painting in the air for discussion. Although there are many interpretations, A Bar at the Folies-Bergere is an avant-garde; viewer engagingRead More Manet Essay3413 Words   |  14 Pagesthat the new city could be rebuilt. In his book The painting of modern life TJ Clark argues that modern art of the 20th century evolves from the art produced by Manet during this period of great change in Paris. Manets scenes of Parisian cafes, bars and streets reflected the new Paris. Manets work influenced the impressionist painters, who were a strong influences on the painting of the 20th century, so in this sense Manets painting is the first modern art that emerged from the creation of theRead MoreAppropriation in Art Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pages(unlike Duchamps). One of the most well known appropriator is Yasumasa Morimura. He has appropriated a number of artworks from a number of artists. His Daughter of Art History Theatre A, 1989 is an appropriation of Edouard Manets A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, 1881-2, and his Futago, 1988 is Manets Olympia, 1863). He doesnt seem to change much, however he loves to reproduce artworks in which he can replace the women in them with himself. Though his works are similar to Manets, they areRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Ancient Egypt930 Words   |  4 Pagesstallion jumping and parallel bars. Schumann succeeded to beat the English weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot, who was heavier than him, by executing a quick and precise body lock. In Paris, in 1900, and for this fascinating occasion in the recorded background of the current Olympic Games, the Games did prohibit wrestling in their undertaking, paying little mind to the way that meanwhile, master wrestling was doing what needs to be done shape at the Folies Bergà ¨res and the Casino de Paris.

Essay on Role of Geography in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The lust for territory seems to be the real source of conflict, and until one group is satisfied, the appearance of religious conflict will exist in the Middle East. It seems as if the real truth needs to be portrayed to the rest of the world about the true reason for the Arab-Israeli conflict, which is geography and ultimately water. The lack of water stems from the Great Syrian Rift Zone, and causes damage to Israeli land which ultimately decreases the amount of water that flows into the Red Sea. This lack of water causes Israel and other surrounding countries (Jordan, Lebanon, and the Occupied Territories) to only have one source of surface water, which is from Lake Kinnaret, or the Sea of Galilee that flows into the Jordan River.†¦show more content†¦The use of the Hezbollah has greatly added to the continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict and has limited cooperation in all regions. The Hezbollah also attracted U.S. attention after a suicide bomber killed over two hund red Marines in Beirut. In the end, the whole Arab-Israel conflict comes down to fighting for the Occupied Territories due to their overarching benefits. This conflict is not a religious struggle, but rather a struggle for territory and it will continue with war crimes and human rights violations for a long time until everyone in the Middle East is satisfied, which has a very low probability of occurring. EFFECTS ON REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY As one can see this issue directly impacts the Middle East because it drives all actions that develop there. Whatever attacks that come from this area are more than likely directly related the Arab-Israeli conflict. Recently a survey conducted in EU of 7,515 people in 15 EU countries said â€Å"yes†60% of the time to the question of if Israel presents a threat to peace. This percentage put Israel ahead of Iran, North Korea, and the U.S. each of which had a 53% â€Å"yes† vote. This survey, not knowing the sampling population, reflects a general notion that Israel is a threat to global security. This may or may not be true, but what is true is that the Arab-Israeli conflict is a threat to regional security, and some of the threatsShow MoreRelatedThe Israel-Palestine Conflict Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Israel-Palestine Conflict The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a part of the greater Arab-Israeli long-running conflict in the Middle East. The main point of this conflict is the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with Arab states and with the Palestinian population in the area. The idea and concept of Israel was born in the mid 19th century. Jews of Europe and America wanted a place for their homeland, where they could go and beRead MoreInternational Politics : Mid Term Exam724 Words   |  3 PagesRelations. Use concrete examples to support your claims. 3. What national values and beliefs contribute to defining American Interests? What linkage can be drawn between these and our behavior abroad? 4. Can there eventually be Arab-Israeli peace? How? What role can the United States play in the peace process? 5. What is the relationship between democracy and economics? Why has the Global South tended toward socialism and statism? Taylor Bullock International Politics Mid-TermRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 Pagesothers to join. Quite often, people will avoid others that have a history of mental illness because of fear they may be harmed by them ((Carr-Ruffino, p.510). These individuals view a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. This conflicts with data which indicates that persons with mental illness tend to be no more prone to violence than the general population. However, the few, but well-publicized, isolated cases of mentally ill persons misbehaving have perpetuated this myth. ThisRead MoreRelationship Between Rwanda, Israels Perceptions Of The 1994 Rwandan Genocide1249 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Rwanda, Israel, and Operation Protective Edge.† I wish to continue my current research on Rwandan perceptions of the international community with a more specific focus on its relationship with Israel as well as a broader examination of African-Israeli relations. This resea rch will include fieldwork periods with the expectation for it to produce at least five academic journal articles and organising an academic conference with participants’ presentations published in an edited book. Israel’s currentRead MoreIsrael s Impact On The Middle East1167 Words   |  5 PagesIsrael: Few Against Many Despite being one of the worlds’ smallest countries, Israel has prevailed in all conflicts since its independence from British rule in 1948. (U.S. Relations with Israel) If Israel is lost to the neighboring countries the United States will lose an important ally and strong presence in the Middle East. Despite all the controversy and conflict over the 7,850 square miles is home to some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. From the southernmostRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1608 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-Americans, women, and others to join. Quite often, people will avoid others that have a history of mental illness because of fear they may be harmed by them. These individuals view a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. This conflicts with data which indicates that persons with mental illness tend to be no more prone to violence than the general population. However, the few, but well-publicized, isolated cases of mentally ill persons misbehaving have perpetuated this myth. ThisRead MoreHuman Intelligence Operations Targeted Against Hamas Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at a known adversary, one can apply a human intelligence mission in order to defeat or negate the enemies’ actions. No region is more suitable for human intelligence missions than Israel and the occupied territories of Palestine. Israeli intelligence and the Israeli military have been battling Hamas for decades. Hamas is a well-known Islamic Fundamentalist organization that operates in the occupied territory of Palestine, specifically, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and inside Israel. Israel’s fightRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Palestinian Conflict2122 Words   |  9 PagesThe Middle East has long been home to very deep-rooted conflict. For too long, the citizens of the Middle East have lived in the central of death and fear. The animosity between few, takes the hope of hundreds. The Arab-Israeli-Palestinian conflict is most notably the largest issue preventing peace in the Middle East, but it is by no means the only issue. The issue of bankrolling and foreign aid are also issues preventing peace; because the U.S provides so much funding and foreign aid to certainRead MoreWater Conflict in the Jordan River Basin3403 Words   |  14 Pagessecuring water rights for their respective states. The conflict over water is also overshadowed by the Arab -Israeli issues and the subsequent territorial questions. While territory is often at the forefront of the issues, securing water has also become a contributing factor in the conflicts of the past, and will continue in the future. Choices of conflict or cooperation will have to be made, given the diminishing amounts of water available. Water conflict in the Jordan River Basin Introduction Since timeRead MoreEssay about Israel And The Palestinians2991 Words   |  12 Pages Israel is situated at the connection of Africa and Asia. It is 20,000 square kilometres and unlike its neighbour Arab states it lacks natural resources. Lebanon and Syria border it in the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has also been holding Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of the River Jordan since 1967. It has an extremely varied geography and climate. Most of the coastline lies on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south are the valleys of Jezreel and Hulveh

ASEAN Political Security Community - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the ASEAN Political Security Community. Answer: Introduction: Since the foundation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) fifty years ago, there has been greater integration among the member states. The continued cooperation among the member countries has helped to overcome several regional crisis and problems in unison. In the early days, the agreements were arrived at amicably and also disagreements did not cause enmity among the members. The earlier founders of ASEAN embraced the culture of solving things in an informal atmosphere that was characterized by friendship, and sense of hope and optimism(Acharya, 1991, p. 162). The impressive relation between the ASEAN member states led to the establishment ASEAN Security Community in 2003 that was later changed to ASEAN Political-Security Community with the aim of enhancing multilateral defense cooperation(Albek, 2015, p. 3). However, the current South China Sea dispute appears to threaten the defense cooperation that has existed among the ASEAN member states over a decade. The reg ional crisis has forced ASEAN member states to focus on realizing their national peace more than the achievement of the regional peace(Nguyen, 2015, p. 16). For example, it has become very hard for the diplomats from the member countries to agree on the way forward on the South China Sea dispute. This paper refers to this crisis to formulate advice to the ASIEN member states on how to deal with the South China Sea dispute to restore the threatened regional defense cooperation. This report finds that serious issues arising from the South China Sea dispute have threatened ASEAN unity and defense cooperation. For example, the regional insecurity and arms race competition has become intense. China has engaged in the deployment of the military in the disputed territory against the spirit of ASEAN Political-Security Community. Besides, the Chinese neighbors who claim the ownership right of the sea have continued to increase their military budget and also sought military cooperation from external countries such as the USA(Tong, 2016). The approaches by the different ASEAN member states threatens the security of the region. This report recommends that cooperation and development will help to overcome the increased regional insecurity and arms race competition being perpetuated by the individual ASEAN member states at the expense of its defense cooperation. The report also finds that the South China Sea dispute has caused a threat to the environment and civilians and increased ASEAN individual member states economic interests. These consequences have continued to weaken the ASEAN defense cooperation further. In the efforts to secure South China Sea, the claimants of the territory, for example, China has established an artificial island in the sea. With the combination of the military tools in the sea, the natural environment is being threatened. Additionally, the ASIEN member states have encouraged their fishermen to carry out their fishing activities consistently to prove the individual state ownership over the territory. Moreover, the economic interests of the individual member states on the sea have become a major stumbling block to end the dispute(Tong, 2016). To solve this dispute, this report advocates for comprehensive consultations and redefined consensus in arriving at the association decision. However, this may not work effect ively for the South China Sea dispute, and therefore, this paper calls for establishment of the code of conduct whereby the majority decision will be abiding by all ASEAN member states. The current disputes over the South China Sea territory originate from both maritime and island claims among individuals member states of ASEAN in the region (Sathirathai, 2015). Ideally, this is because of the benefits associated with the waters and other features such as banks, reefs, and islands in the region. The members of the ASEAN that are claiming the ownership of the South China Sea want to be given fishing rights, exploitation of the potential crude oil in the seabed, exploration and even a control of the major shipping lanes(Mirski, 2015). The lack of agreement on the issues mentioned above has almost claimed the union and integration of ASEAN as well as its defense cooperation that was formed with the goal of preventing external attacks. According to the analysts, the disputes over the South China Sea territory are the potential sources of disagreements in the broader region(Limaye, 2015). The dispute over this territory seems to have been heightened by the stance stand t aken by the ASEAN member countries. This paper highlights some of the consequences that have risen from the South China Sea crisis and if not checked they may result to the disintegration of ASEAN defense cooperation. This view is in support of Nguyen (2015) who noted that if the actions by the member states are not curtailed, they may disintegrate the ASEAN defense cooperation. Increased Regional Insecurity and Arms Race The current and the worse threat is the militarization among the individual member states as the result of the South China Sea disputes. China leads in the arms race war. For example, in early 2016 without the consultation of other ASEAN members, China deployed military weapons on Woody Island(Tong, 2016). This came as a shock to members of ASIEN because the consultations on dispute were in progress and China did so without informing them. Besides, China has gone ahead to threaten that it will deploy more weaponry including Air Defense Identification Zone to control the movement of crafts "over her claimed territory." China claims that it owns 90 percent of the Sea, the claims that were termed as illegitimate by the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague(Tong, 2016). After the court ruling, the Chinese became more defiant and deployed more military tools in the region. China is acting unilaterally without considering the positions of other members in the ASEAN as well underminin g the role of the ASEAN Political-Security Community(Held, 2016). The Chinese act distressed and disappointment her neighbors in the ASEAN as well the United States. To respond to the Chinas action, some member states of ASEAN such as Philippines, Indonesia, Australia and Japan with the involvement of the United States formed joint military patrols on the arguments that they were exercising freedom of navigation exercise(Tong, 2016). The actions by the Chinese neighbors confirm that the ASEAN defense cooperation role is no longer observed. The fiasco among the ASEAN members did not end here because the individual members states that claimed the ownership of the sea have gone ahead to upgrade their military. For example, Philippines, Malaysia, and Japan have increased their military cooperation and also sought military cooperation from the United States(Tong, 2016). The China Sea dispute has brought disunity among the ASIEN member states resulting to the arms race and therefore, threatening the peace in the region. Despite the earlier regional integration cooperation on the critical crisis facing the region, this one has become unsolvable to the point of destroying the unity and cooperation that have existed over the years among the members of ASEAN(Albek, 2015, p. 16). Now, the crucial question remains, what should the best strategies of curbing the current increasing arms race and increased insecurity in the region. This paper offers several recommendations that ASIEN members should put in place and ensure they are adhered to by each member state to avoid the increasing insecurity in the region. Based on the above issues raised in above two paragraphs, nationalism among the members have largely contributed to the insecurity and arms race competition in the region. This paper perceives that having strong cooperation and association will help to overcome these problems. As noted above the major factors that have contributed to the worsening of the South China Sea dispute and threatened the ASIEAN defense cooperation are economic and distrust among the member countries. The ASEAN should consider building its association on cooperation and development. To establish and maintain a strong cooperation and development, the ASEAN should look to the European Union (EU). The European Union might not be the perfect association, but its standards in the promotion of the liberal democracy bring it into the limelight in the global arena(Albek, 2015). However, for the cooperation and development in the ASIEN to thrive, the member states should go through reforms as it was the case in the European Union nations. The EU nations have undergone through many reforms that influence them to conform to the set EU standards hence reducing the economic orientations and political languages gaps that may exist among the member states(Tong, 2016). From the observation of the European Union operations and activities, it is clear that the members can reach consensus with ease than the ASEAN members. Therefore, ASEAN should focus on setting standards that all the members should conform to. However, for this suggestion to work, the individual member states should be undertaken through reforms. Threats to Environment, Civilians and Economic Activities The South China Sea dispute also has had severe impacts on the environment, civilians and the economic activities in the region, hence, weakening the ASEAN defense cooperation further. The continued dispute over the region has forced China to construct artificial islands on the sea illegally. This has caused a lot of damage to the natural environment. Besides, the China has gone ahead to bring an idea of establishing nuclear power station on these artificial islands. This further puts the natural environment in the region into more threats. The communities in the region expects that the ASEAN will prevent these environmental threats through its Political-Security Community. However, the crisis on the sea has hampered the ASEAN from protecting the environment in the region based on the Code of Conduct in the South China. The due Chinese influence on this dispute appears to render the response of ASEAN in the region meaningless. The dispute in the region has further continued to threaten the peace and the lives of the civilians. The individual member states claiming to have right to own the South China Sea, encourages fishers from their countries to persistently conduct fishing in the disputed region. According to Tong (2016) the individual members usually act in such a manner to assert their claim to the disputed territory at the national level. Even though the strategy being used by the claimants is good to prove the ownership of the territory, it has continued to put the lives of the citizens in danger. For example, in the last four years, there have been deadly clashes between Chinese naval boats and the Vietnamese fishing boats. Additionally, it has been confirmed that the Chinese naval vessels intentionally attacks and sinks the Vietnamese fishing boats(Limaye, 2015). Malaysia has also raised a concern about the Chinese illegal sea activities at its territory. The military might being portrayed by seve ral ASEAN signatories undermines the responsibility of Political-Security Community over the region. Economic interests have been another critical issues disrupting the association, cooperation and unity of ASEAN. It is important to highlight that the South China Sea is a vital trade route in the region. The findings reveal that the South China Sea trade route transacts over $5 trillion in a year(Tong, 2016). The lucrative economic benefits associated with this territory has made the claimants to marshal their efforts harder to have an ownership at the national level. The protection of the economic interests in the region is not a responsibility of the individual states but rather a collective responsibility of the ASEAN on behalf of the member states through meaningful political measures and peaceful negotiations(Tong, 2016). However, this it would be difficult to work because member countries put their national interests first and do not trust one another. Therefore, it would be difficult to convene a meeting or conference where the ASEAN can agree on how to deal with raising econ omic interests in the region which if not addressed may disrupt the defense cooperation of the ASEAN member states. This paper opines that the recommendations offered below will help to resolve the rising issues discussed above as well help ASEAN Political-Security Community regain its responsibility in the region. Recommendations: As noted earlier in this paper, the earlier founders of ASEAN resolved their disagreements peacefully through consultations and consensus. Even where and when the founders did not agree they still maintained a united association (Acharya, 1992, p. 8). However, the South China Sea dispute has made the founders' approach to settling the regional crisis a nightmare for the member countries. This paper calls the ASEAN to go back to the drawing board and try as much as possible inculcate to the culture of consultation and consensus in the association. This would be the best way to mitigate or get rid of the continued crisis of the South China Sea. This paper views that, a decision-making process based on consultations and consensus will offer solutions to the disgruntled member states in the association and encourage the upholding of the ASEAN Political-Security Community responsibility over the region. This is because every state will feel represented and its opinion respected. However, with only consultations and consensus as the tools of settling it may be difficult to resolve the crisis on the South China Sea. This because it would be difficult to use either consensus or consultation to reach the joint agreement about the current crisis bearing in mind that China claims to own 90 percent of the sea and may always object the joint agreement(Tong, 2016). Therefore, it is important for the ASEAN to supplement consultation and consensus with the code of conduct that will aid the decision-making process. The code of conduct can suggest that the decision by the majority will be relied upon when reaching the decision. Through thi s approach, it will be easier for the ASEAN to resolve the South China Sea dispute and regain its defense cooperation. Conclusion The South China Sea dispute is the real challenge facing the ASEAN that has threatened its defense cooperation, Political-Security Community. It has been proved that the association has lacked the right strategies on how to puzzle the challenge facing the region. Instead, each region seems to put its national interests first. These are actions if not checked may crumble the association and the cooperation that has been existing within the ASEAN member states since 1967. Therefore, it is a challenge for the ASEAN to look at the more appropriate ways on to deal with the South China Sea dispute menace. It is the right time for ASEAN to regain its reputable image and gain recognition as the association that can solve its regional crisis as it is the case in the European Union. References Acharya, A., 1991. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations: "Security Community" or "Defence Community"?. Pacific Affairs, 64(2), pp. 159-178. Acharya, A., 1992. Regional Military-Security Cooperation in the Third World: A Conceptual Analysis of the Relevance and Limitations of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Journal of Peace Research, 29(1), pp. 7-21. Albek, A., 2015. The ASEAN Political-Security Community: Enhancing Defense Cooperation, California: Naval Postgraduate SchooL. Held, R., 2016. South China Sea Clashes Are Fracturing ASEAN. [Online] Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/south-china-sea-clashes-are-fracturing-asean-16699 [Accessed 4 June 2017]. Limaye, S., 2015. The Impact of South China Sea (SCS) Tensions on ASEAN: An Eye-of-the-Beholder Dilemma. [Online] Available at: https://www.theasanforum.org/the-impact-of-south-china-sea-scs-tensions-on-asean-an-eye-of-the-beholder-dilemma/ [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2017]. Mirski, S., 2015. The South China Sea Dispute: A Brief History. [Online] Available at: https://www.lawfareblog.com/south-china-sea-dispute-brief-history [Accessed 20 September 2017]. Nguyen, A., 2015. The Origins of the South China Sea Dispute. In: Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 15-35. SATHIRATHAI, S., 2015. Eight challenges ASEAN Must Overcome. [Online] Available at: https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/eight-challenges-asean-must-overcome [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2016]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 1: Why the South China Sea Is a Critical Test: The South China Sea dispute is a threat to the unity of ASEAN as a regional organization.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-1-why-the-south-china-sea-is-a-critical-test/ [Accessed 20 September 2017]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 2: Why Can't ASEAN Agree on the South China Sea?: How internal and external factors hamstring ASEAN when it comes to the South China Sea.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-2-why-cant-asean-agree-on-the-south-china-sea/ [Accessed 20 Septemeber 2017]. Tong, L., 2016. The ASEAN Crisis, Part 3: What Should ASEAN Do About the South China Sea Dispute?: Three ways ASEAN can improve its ability to mediate in the South China Sea disputes.. [Online] Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/the-asean-crisis-part-3-what-should-asean-do-about-the-south-china-sea-dispute/ [Accessed 20 September 2017].

The Cast Of Amontillado Essays - The Cask Of Amontillado

The Cast Of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe, born on January 19, 1809, is one of the greatest American writers of all time. The story of Edgar Allen Poes life remains one of the most disputed and slandered in the pages of American biography, despite conscious attempts to revise the story and rehabilitate the life. Decadence and immorality, in the form of alcoholism, opium addiction, and his relationships with women, and prolific production, as a journalist, editor, poet, reviewer, critic, and fiction writer, have been emphasized as characterizing his brief life (Lent 3). Poes many writings were greatly affected by his problems in life and his experiences. One such short story is The Cask of Amontillado. The main character, Montresor, who is vengeful, intelligent, and fakes sincerity, causes the death of Fortunato. The Cask of Amontillado starts out with Montresor, the narrator, saying, The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. Simply by reading the first sentence of the story, it is easy to see that Montresor is vengeful and plans to get revenge on Fortunato. Montresor also has a coat of arms which is, A huge human foot dor, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel, with a motto of, Nemo me impune lacessit, which stands for no one attacks me with impunity. The coat of arms and the family motto both suggest retribution. The arms symbolize Montresor and Fortunato, Fortunato stepping on Montresor, the snake, and Montresor getting even with Fortunato, the foot. Not only is Montresor vengeful, he is also very intelligent in his actions. In order to bring Fortunato into the wine cellars, Montresor had to make sure that there were no attendants at home. Montresor tells the reader, They had absconded to make merry in honor of the time. I had told them that I should not return until the morning, and had given explicit orders not to stir from the house. These orders were sufficient, I well knew, to insure their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turned. Montresor knew that by telling his servants that he would be gone until the morning they would go to the carnival whether he had told them to stay home or not. Montresor was also a mason and used his skill and intelligence to seal the fate of Fortunato. Montresor had hid building stone and mortar in the cellar under a pile of bones, and had carried a trowel with him. He did such a good job sealing the niche in the wall, where Fortunato stood chained, and replacing the bon es that, For the half of a century no mortal has disturbed them. In the story, Montresor is two-faced and fakes his sincerity towards Fortunato. Montresor does this by flattering and acting concerned about the health of Fortunato when really his only concern is killing Fortunato. While in the wine cellar, Montresor says to Fortunato, Come, we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill, and I cannot be responsible. Besides, there is Luchesi-. Montresor does an excellent job of being Fortunatos friend and at the same time convinces him to continue drinking and telling him, A draught of this Medoc will defend us from the damps. Montresor was not trying to defend either one of them, his only purpose was to place Fortunato into a higher state of drunkenness. Montresor causes Fortunato to become so drunk that while he was being chained to the wall by Montresor, He was too much astounded to resist. The Cask of Amontillado is filled with many ironies and also life lessons; such as know who your real friends are. Fortunato thought his real friend was Montresor when, in reality, Montresor was anything but his friend. Not only did Montresor fake his sincerity towards Fortunato, he was also vengeful and very intelligent in his actions to kill Fortunato. Book Reports

Subliminal Recording Essays

Subliminal Recording Essays Subliminal Recording Essay Subliminal Recording Essay This essay is about the use of subliminal voice messages to improve the work of the employees in a company. The subliminal voice messages are the ultrasound voice messages, which cannot be heard, but are understood by the brain. It is believed now, that these can improve the efficiency, productivity, loyalty and enthusiasm of work place employees. The following paper is an attempt to prove this fact. Subliminal Recording Background: For the first time, the subliminal messages came into notice, when E. W. Scripture described the basic principles of the subliminal messages, in his book ‘The New Psychology’, published in 1898. Then, in 1900, an American professor of psychology, Knight Dunlap practically experienced it by flashing a shadow to the students while showing them an illusion, containing two lines, with the pointed arrows at both the ends, thus giving an impression of different lengths. He believed that this shadow had influenced his students subliminally in the perception of the lengths of the lines. The subliminal recording first got attention shortly after the discovery by Freud that all human beings possess a hidden, unconscious mind. Following this discovery, another scientist, named Dr. O. Poetzle, started research on the effect of subliminal stimulation on dream content. His efforts resulted in his discovery about a close relationship between the subliminal stimuli and the posthypnotic suggestion, in 1917. This discovery was named after him, as ‘The Poetzle Effect’. This effect shows that the subliminal perception of mind, shows its effect by evoking the dreams, or actions sometime after the original perception of mind occurred. Following these two successful discoveries, this field gathered more attention, and a lot Subliminal Recording 3 more efforts were made in an attempt to understand this phenomenon in a better way. All the research done in this field, has proved that the subliminal perception does have an influence on the unconscious or the subconscious mind. It has been proved that it is even helpful in changing the behavior of people. Effects of Subliminal Recording on Various Fields of Life Discussed below are the different aspects of life, where a proven effect of subliminal recordings have been showed. Public Awareness: The subliminal perception for the public awareness first took place in 1957, as an controversial experiment conducted by the market researcher James Victory in a Fort Lee, New Jersey, movie theatre. The subliminal messages used in this experiment were: â€Å"Hungry? Eat popcorn. Thirsty? Drink Coca-Cola. † These messages were flashed only for a fraction of a second, for every five seconds, during the show of movie named ‘Picnic. ’ It resulted in a dramatic increase in the sale of both the popcorn, and Coca-Cola. Reduction in Shoplifting: Recently, another way of communicating via subliminal messages have been discovered; it is by using the music and audio programs. The ‘TIME’ magazine has written in one of its articles, published in 1979, titled as ‘Secret Voices’, that in US and Canada, about 50 departmental stores were using this system of subliminal voice messages, in order to reduce the shoplifting and the employee theft. The article says that one of the East Coast chain of departmental stores, reported a 37% reduction of theft, leading to a profit of about $600,000 over a period of nine months Similarly, the WALL STREET JOURNAL, published an article in 1980, stating that this way of communication was Subliminal recording 4 used in a New Orleans supermarket. It resulted in a reduction in the pilferage loss from about $50,000 per six months to less than $13,000. Also, there was a drop in the Cashier shortages, from $125 per week, to about less than $10 per week. Here, the subliminal messages used were: â€Å"I take a great deal of pride in being honest. I will not steal. I am honest. † Now, in the next section, we come to the scientific evidence of the effects of subliminal recordings on the subconscious mind. Scientific Evidence Extensive Documentation of the Subliminal Perception: Dr. Norman Dixon, a psychologist at the University College in London, England, has summarized 748 research studies on subliminal perception, in his work titled as â€Å"Preconscious Processing. † One of such studies was done by Zuckerman, in 1960. This research work showed that the subliminal stimulus can by-pass the conscious effort of a person. It also stated that it makes it very unlikely for a person to resist the subconscious instructions. In his experiment, Zuckerman gave the Thematic Apperception Test cards to his subjects. These cards contained the ambiguous pictures, with the subliminal message ‘Write more’ or ‘Don’t Write’ on it. These messages clearly showed their effects as long as they were subliminal, but as soon as the subjects came to perceive them consciously, they lost their effects on them. Behavioral Improvements from Subliminal Messages: Dr. Lloyd H. Silverman, a psychologist at New York University has been working on the research of subliminal recordings since last 20 years. He experimented on 40 groups of subjects. All of them showed a positive response in the form of change of their behavior after exposure to Subliminal Recording 5 selected subliminal messages. One of such groups was that of the smokers. In 1980, he selected half a group of smokers, who were receiving the behavior modification therapy to quit smoking. They were exposed to the subliminal messages, and the results observed one month after the end of treatment showed that about 66% of the patients were still non-smokers, compared to 13% of the control group. Other groups of subjects used for experiments by Silverman included assertiveness training classes, adolescents receiving psychotherapy, college students in group therapy, alcoholics in the Alcoholics Anonymous counseling and people suffering from the insect phobias and overeating.

Biography of René Magritte, Belgian Surrealist

Biography of Renà © Magritte, Belgian Surrealist Renà ©Ã‚  Magritte  (1898-1967)  was a famous 20th-century Belgian artist known for his unique  surrealist works. Surrealists  explored the human condition through unrealistic imagery that often came from dreams and the subconscious. Magrittes imagery came from the real world but he used it in unexpected ways. His goal as an artist was  to challenge the viewers assumptions by using odd and surprising juxtapositions of familiar objects such as bowler hats, pipes, and floating rocks. He changed the scale of some objects, he deliberately excluded others, and he played with words and meaning. One of his most famous paintings, The Treachery of Images (1929), is a painting of a pipe below which is written Ceci nest pas une pipe.   (English translation: This is not a pipe.)   Magritte died August 15, 1967 in  Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium, of pancreatic cancer. He was buried in  Schaarbeek Cemetery. Early Life and Training Renà © Franà §ois Ghislain Magritte (pronounced mag ·reet) was born November 21, 1898, in Lessines, Hainaut, Belgium. He was the eldest of three sons born to Là ©opold (1870-1928) and Rà ©gina (nà ©e Bertinchamps; 1871-1912) Magritte. Aside from a few facts, almost nothing is known of Magrittes childhood. We know that the familys financial status was comfortable because of Là ©opold, ostensibly a tailor, made handsome profits from his investments in edible oils and bouillon cubes. We also know that young Renà © sketched and painted early on, and began taking formal lessons in drawing in 1910 - the same year that he produced his first  oil painting. Anecdotally, he was said to be a lackluster student in school. The artist himself had little to say about his childhood beyond a few vivid memories that shaped his way of seeing. Perhaps this relative silence about his early life was born when his mother committed suicide in 1912. Rà ©gina had been suffering from depression for an undocumented number of years and was so badly affected that she was usually kept in a locked room. On the night she escaped, she immediately went to the nearest bridge and threw herself into the River Sambre that flowed behind the Magrittes property. Rà ©gina was missing for days before her body was discovered a mile or so downriver. Legend has it that Rà ©ginas nightgown had wrapped itself around her head by the time her corpse was recovered, and an acquaintance of Renà ©s later started the story that he was present when his mother was pulled from the river. He was certainly not there. The only public comment he ever made on the subject was that hed felt guiltily happy to be the focal point of sensation and sympathy, both at school and in his neighborhood. However, veils, curtains, faceless people, and headless faces and torsos  did  become recurring themes in his paintings. In 1916, Magritte enrolled in the  Academie des Beaux-Arts  in Brussels seeking inspiration and a safe distance from the WWI German invasion. He found none of the former but one of his classmates at the Academie introduced him to  cubism, futurism, and purism, three movements he found exciting and which significantly changed the style of his work. Career Magritte  emerged from the  Academie  qualified to do commercial art. After a compulsory year of service in the military in 1921, Magritte returned home and found work as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and worked freelance in advertising to pay the bills while he continued to paint. During this time he saw a painting  by the Italian surrealist  Giorgio de Chirico, called  The Song of Love, which greatly influenced his own art. Magritte created his first surreal painting, Le Jockey Perdu  (The Lost Jockey) in 1926, and had his first solo show in 1927 in Brussels at the Galerie de Centaure. The show was reviewed critically, however, and Magritte, depressed, moved to Paris, where he  befriended Andre Breton and joined the surrealists there - Salvador Dalà ­, Joan Miro, and Max Ernst.  He produced a number of important works during this time, such as The Lovers,  The False Mirror, and the Treachery of Images. After three years, he returned to Brussels and to his work in advertising, forming a company with his brother, Paul. This gave him money to live on while continuing to paint. His painting went through different styles during the last years of World War II as a reaction to the pessimism of his earlier work. He adopted a style similar to the Fauves for a short time during 1947-1948, and also supported himself doing copies of paintings by Pablo Picasso,  Georges Braque, and de Chirico. Magritte dabbled in communism, and whether the forgeries were for purely financial reasons or intended to disrupt Western bourgeois capitalist habits of thought is debatable.   Magritte and  Surrealism Magritte had a witty sense of humor that is evident in his work and in his subject matter. He delighted in representing the paradoxical nature of reality in his paintings and in making the viewer question what reality really is. Rather than depicting fantastic creatures in fictional landscapes, he painted ordinary objects and people in realistic settings. Notable characteristics of his work include the following: His arrangements were often impossible under the laws of physics.The scale of these mundane elements was frequently (and deliberately) wrong.When words were painted - as they were periodically - they were usually a witticism of some sort, as in the aforementioned painting, The Treachery of Images on which he painted, Ceci nest pas une pipe. (This is not a pipe.) Although the viewer can clearly see that the painting is, indeed, of a pipe, Magrittes point is just that - that it is only a  picture  of a pipe. You cant pack it with tobacco, light it, and smoke it. The joke is on the viewer, and Magritte points out the misunderstandings that are inherent in language.Ordinary objects were painted in unusual  ways and in unorthodox juxtapositions in order to evoke mystery. He is known for painting men in bowler hats, perhaps autobiographical, but perhaps merely a prop for his visual games. Famous Quotes Magritte spoke about the meaning, ambiguity, and mystery of his work  in these quotes and others, providing viewers with clues  as to how to interpret his art: My painting is visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, What does that mean? It does not mean anything because mystery means nothing, it is unknowable.Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see.Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist. Important Works: The Menaced Assassin, 1927The Treachery of Images, 1928-29The Key of Dreams, 1930The Human Condition, 1934Not to be Reproduced, 1937Time Transfixed, 1938The Listening Room, 1952Golconda, 1953 More of Renà © Magrittes work can be seen in the Special Exhibition Gallery Renà © Magritte: The Pleasure Principle. Legacy Magrittes art had a significant impact on the Pop and Conceptual art movements that followed and on the way, we have come to view, understand, and accept surrealist art today. In particular, his repeated use of commonplace objects, the commercial style of his work, and the importance of the concept of technique inspired Andy Warhol and others.  His work has infiltrated our culture to such an extent that it has almost become invisible, with  artists and others continuing to borrow Magrittes iconic images for labels and advertising, something that would no doubt greatly please Magritte. Resources and Further Reading Calvocoressi, Richard. Magritte.London: Phaidon, 1984. Gablik, Suzi. Magritte.New York: Thames Hudson, 2000. Paquet, Marcel. Rene Magritte, 1898-1967: Thought Rendered Visible.New York: Taschen America LLC, 2000.

Business Strategy for Nucleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Strategy for Nucleon - Essay Example This favors Nucleon building its own plant which means higher costs and more time, although it also implies greater control. Contracting also involves more time and an estimated expense of about 4 million dollars. Moreover, there is the danger of confidential information about manufacturing leaking out, although it would free Nucleon’s R&D people to focus exclusively on their specialty which is research – this is also the factor that has propelled Nucleon to the top.   However, in my view, vertical integration is not favored in this case. The reason is that Phase I and II trials are still an experimental stage of development of the drug and all investments made on the pilot plant could be lost, while also deflecting funds from other research work. Contracting out is not a good option due to loss of confidentiality. However, the licensing option offers an excellent situation because it allows risks associated with clinical trials and expenses related to development, marketing and sales of the drug to a third Company, while also protecting Nucleon’s patent on the product. This will allow the Company to focus on its core competencies, i.e, research, and development. One of the developments in management theory is the belief that most firms have only a few â€Å"core competencies† where they possess exceptional skills and abilities.

CHILDREN MODELING THEIR PARENTS' PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Research Paper

CHILDREN MODELING THEIR PARENTS' PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR - Research Paper Example According his first two stages: when the children are between 3 to 6 years old (Stage 1) they cannot distinguish between their own interpretation of the situation and the other person’s point of view clearly. In the next stage (Stage 2, from 5 – 9 years) the children do realize the difference between their own perception and others but they are unable to understand it. This means that from the very early age the moral development of the child starts and the children learn and imitate their adults, with whom they are emotionally attached with, in their own social life (White, Burnam, 1975). Since from the recent years, the tradition of the families to live in isolation is becoming very common, therefore it is evident that most of the children, in the hope to be like them, are imitating their parents consciously or unconsciously (Schulman, & Mekler, 1994). The highest level of learning by a child is through modeled behavior. The chances of adoption will increase if the model is similar to the observer (child) and also share an admired status from him (Zohery, 1994). Children grow and discover best in the scenarios where they are appreciated and protected. Their physical desires are satisfied and they experience psychological security (Preusse, 2008). Keeping this in mind, the children that are exposed to pro- social activities by parents being their models can learn more quickly and adapt those qualities very easily as they are provided with the direction within a security. It has also been seen in the research that the young children who are very much dependent on others, aging from three to five are influenced by the modeling more, as compared to the elder children (Eisenberg, & Mussen, 1989). For this reason, they develop the psyche of the model and unconsciously they behave accordingly. Since in the childhood, the children are mos tly associated with their parents so automatically they develop the habits of their

I Love to Travel Essay Example for Free

I Love to Travel Essay Ive decided I want to travel. I mean Ive always wanted to, but now Im going to start planning it. I think once I finish University Im going to take a year off, and travel the world. Visit different countries, move from town to town, live and experience different cultures. Im not going to go straight into work after Uni.. I want to live my life. I mean Im ready to leave this country right now, get away from everyone and just learn to be independant and travel but I have priorites at the moment, and for the next few years. And while it seems like a while away, a few years will pass quickly and I will be on my way to living in Paris for a while in a cute little apartment with the Eiffel Tower at your windows view, the busy streets of New York.. the sunshine of LA.. Ill be dancing with the Spanish, learning the local life of Greece, seeing beautiful places and monuments in Italy and learning the life of Tuscany.. When you live in one country your entire life, you learn to think its all thats out there.. his little world of yours. But its not. Once you come to realise theres a whole world out there left to explore, something inside of you just craves it.. craves knowing and understanding and learning and seeing.. I want to see the world, before I work and settle down and do whatever.. And I dont care if Im on my own. The years of my 20s will be finding myself. Establishing myself. Making the most of discovering who I am and the world out there.

The Obscurities of the Individual :: Essays Papers

The Obscurities of the Individual In James Joyce’s Dubliners many themes arise in regards to the human basis of character. The author focuses on a critique of the situation in Ireland and on its society. This is adequately represented in the stories â€Å"A Little Cloud† and â€Å"The Dead† as well. With characters that suffuse themselves into the far back regimes of their minds, Joyce allows the reader to ‘feel’ the darkness that surrounds their lives. With efficient descriptions and simple storylines, every moment within the stories make the eventual understanding of the character' place in society that much more blatantly condemning. Each narration has its own identity, yet as the reader strings them along, one can construct a quaint picture of Dublin life at that time. There are many catalysts within every work that lead its main character to just theories, one of them is their lifestyles as a whole. The solitude that the characters dim their existence with makes their integration into social circles less complete. Whether this segregation is psychological, physical, or emotional, is irrelevant in the end. For the effects of this disparity is what eventually causes the rifts the characters create to consume their whole reality into the shadows of their perceptions. In â€Å"A Little Cloud†, Little Chandler allows his emotional insecurities to separate him from every circle he attends. He feels that he isn’t really a part of society and therefore, upon his friend’s arrival, the tie he acquires allows him to reconnect himself to a life that he had long since hadn’t felt a part of. His many dreams have never been succeeded and he realizes that he isn’t living the life he wants. He has always played it safe within his every decision, thus the clarity that flows into his meager existence when expecting his friend is what saves him from total obscurity. This is highlighted when he enters the luminosity of the bar feeling important and is faced with its many colors which lead him to believe that â€Å"the people were observing him curiously† (69). However, this point was already clear as he â€Å"felt himself superior to the people he passed† (68) while on his way to meet his friend. Chandler appoi nts Gallaher as his gateway to the dreams he still has. In â€Å"The Dead†, Gabriel finds that he has no real place within his relations because of his way of being.

What Does Democracy Signifies

If firms were not in a competitive environment, they would be able to control the market. Still, there are other factors, which stop firms from controlling the market. Namely the fact that firms do not have perfect information, issues about its objectives or firms may not even know how to maximise profits. This is due to the fact that companies use different pieces of information or interpret it differently. Firms can use different tasks in order to achieve the same aim. Companies often set themselves in mission statement; or they try to set goals by which the statement will be achieved; or a specific objective. A firm aims to maximise profits, and that is what this essay will focus on. First, it will give a brief definition of firm and define its objectives. Second, it will examine the assumption of profit maximisation. Third it will confirm whether firms really maximise their profits. Then it will follow by mentioning other alternatives to profit maximisation. Finally in the conclusion, it will include the results of this essay. It is understood by firm ‘ an organisation consisting of one or more individuals working as a decision-making unit to produce goods or services† (Atkinson, B. & R. Miller â€Å"Business Economics†). The firm†s objectives are to maximise profits. The amount that the company receives for the sale of its output is called its total revenue. The amount that the firm pays to buy inputs is called its total cost. We, then, define profit as a firm†s total revenue minus its total cost. Thus, if a firm gets  £10,000 from selling its output and spends  £90,000 producing this output, its profit is  £10,000. The above diagram shows how costs, revenue and profit interact with each other. Costs go up with output as well as revenue, but just till a certain point. Revenue falls due to the firm†s necessity to lower its costs in order to rise selling. In other words, in the cost curve firms will experience increasing returns, followed by decreased returns. Revenue will rise, as price falls and quantity goes up. Profits will occur between the two points were the curves intersect. The slope of the two curves are the same and they are given by the marginal value (marginal revenue and marginal cost). Hence, to maximise profit, marginal revenue must equals marginal cost. In order to achieve this, firms must have all the details on the demanded product. Profit maximisation plays an important role within a firm, as it makes innovation possible as well as the payment of higher wages and greater job offers. Moreover, profits create incentives as it is rewarding for entrepreneurs, whose time and skills contributed to the firm†s success. Increasing profits leads to a rise in output and with it consumers also get more satisfied. Thus, it can be said that it is also beneficial to society to raise profits. Profits provide a source of revenue, which reverts in favour of new factories and machinery. In addition, profits encourage innovation again society benefits from it. However, there are still motives for companies to refuse to have high levels of profit. Companies will just be able to maximise profits if owners are in control of the firms. However, in big companies such as Coca-Cola or Shell where, probably, there are many shareholders, it is more difficult to maximise profits. As, in this case managers are more likely to run the business. This leads us to do so called ‘principal-agent problem†. Where owners† objectives may be different from the managers. Hence, due to the rise of the joint-stock company there has developed a split between ownership and control. Ownership belongs now to shareholders, while managers exerce the power of controling. Still, there are motives to choose to maximise profits. Firstly, profit maximisation is still a sign of power, so in a competitive environment firms will opt to maximise profit to ensure its survival; Secondly, both the principal and agent, when confroting a situation of no option, they would prefer to maximise profits rather than lower them; Most important, due to profit maximisation it became possible for economists to study the output and the price of companies and, consequently, study the market. In analysing the managerial approach, it can be noticed that managers will then aim to take precedents over the objectives of the owner. In this case the primary goal of a firm is to maximise its revenue. This will occur because managers† remuneration is more likely to be linked to revenue than to profitability. For example, bank†s tend to regard growing sales positive as well as financial markets, who likes to see growing sales revenue. Most important, sales revenue is still seen as an indication of success. The same occurs to firms that have their main aim to maximise growth. Just like raising revenue, raising growth also leads to higher bonuses. Managers also benefit from it because their status gets better, as the firm has more prestige. Such theory, also suggests that managers try to maximise their own profit benefits. In other words, use firms to get their objectives. Still, there is other theory that states that managers in fact do not maximise anything at all, but they attend to satisfactory levels, theory developed by H. Simon. Here, managers will set a minimum level of profit, keeping shareholders satisfied. This type of approach is probably used by small firms, which are not able to take the big risks that profit maximisation can lead to. Moreover, managers try to keep all members of the firm satisfied, so profit maximisation becames a hard task to achieve. In general, conditions of uncertainty difficults the achievement of sales and profit maximisation. In practise management tries to obtain growth in output and assets from one year to the next and achieve satisfactory growth. On one hand, it is true to say that there is a separation of ownership and control, consequently, this stresses the importance of managers. On the other hand, it is difficult to describe how the different objectives of management and shareholders interact to produce the goals and objectives of the company.

Health Status of African American Men Essay

Introduction Research and technological advancement made in the United Stated of America (USA) has led to the improvement of health outcomes among the citizens of this country. People are living longer, cures are being developed daily, and many unanswered health questions are being answered then ever before. However, despite this multitude of improvement in the health status of Americans, African American men are disproportionately affected by health inequalities as compared to their Caucasian men. This paper will identify a minority group and offer relevant information of the factors that preclude minorities from quality health care, with noted barriers and interventions that will lead to improved health care and achieve the goal of quality life styles for not just one culture of people, but all people in the United States. Identifying Health disparities in African American Men African American men have the highest mortality rates and the lowest life expectancy rates among women and men in all of the racial and ethnic groups in America. The mortality rate for African American men is about 1.3 times that of White men. Life expectancy for African American men is 70 years old compared to White males living to age 76 (Xanthos, 1998). The death rate for blacks are 3 times higher than whites, due to the social and economic conditions of poverty, unemployment, stress, education, neighborhoods and their disproportionate risk for disease (Net wellness, 2014). African American men die 2.5 times more than White men from prostate cancer; African American men are 8 times more likely to die from HIV; African American men are 2 times more  likely to develop heart disease and 3 times more likely to develop hypertension (Men’s Health). When compared to White men, African American men development diseases earlier, suffer from more severe diseases, and have less acce ss to medical care. The most disturbing fact to access to care is that White men are more likely to receive state of the art treatment than African American men. The exploitation of race and gender has been rooted in class status. This widespread behavior has been seen since the founding of this nation. Class has been used as a way to Indirectly suppress the poor in all sectors of life. It is the ways in which access to a variety of social goods such as the employment, housing, power; education and income are distributed in this country. Many of the questions and issues regarding this have been and continue to adversely affect the health of African American men. Having the understanding that there are barriers that are difficult to address in any one health promotion, and being able to rethink how these barriers function in the lives of African American men, will result in likely success in promoting quality healthcare. How is Health promotion defined by this group? Life style plays a major role in the prevalence of chronic disease. Given the factors that impact racial discrimination concerning the health care of African American men, we can start by promoting policies which address all racial discrimination. We must strengthen anti-discrimination legislation that addresses unemployment. We reform and improve the interaction with African American male students, by increasing funding to the African American communities, which would lead to having more marketable African American men in the work force. We must also address the racial biases in the criminal system, reducing the number of African American in our jails. If we use the landmark law, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), we will enable over 30 million people with much needed health insurance coverage. With the provisions of the ACA not only will health insurance coverage be accessible, but provisions related to disparities be reduced, data collection and reporting will be more effective and inclusive of quality improvement and prevention. This act will promote prevention and wellness  programs, giving all people more control over their health care (Sebelius, 2011). According to the Healthy People 2020, one of the goals is to â€Å"achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups.† By tracking death rates, acute and chronic diseases, injuries and all health related behaviors, this will assist health care providers become more proficient in diagnosing and providing treatment in the areas of cardiovascular disease, cancer, HIV and diabetes while being culturally competent (Healthy People, 2020). Our local, regional, and national organizations must take an action role in providing guidelines to develop comprehensive health care interventions that are designed for people of all cultures (Argondezzi, 2001). The successful strengthening of infrastructures to prioritize the challenges of reducing health disparities of African American men will achieve the much needed sources to eliminate unequal treatment. Exponents for social justice and equality have continued to disseminate information on the importance of addressing this problem. Many professional organizations, governmental and non- governmental bodies such as WHO and Public Health Organizations as well as individuals like Paul Farmer and Barbara Ehrenreich have been active on the forefront either directly or indirectly in advocating for social justice. Given the multi-faceted nature of the problem Barbara Ehrenreich a writer by profession and PhD by education, conducted an experimental study on class in the United States of America by self experiencing the reality of living as a lower class citizen with a lower and unskilled paying job in her book entitled; Nickel and Dime (Ehrenreich, 2008). Nickel and Dime is a non fictitious writing that depicts the social class of America. Barbara Ehrenreich, is a reporter and a writer who decided to experiment on how unskilled low wage workers are able to live on their minimum wages. To experiment the effects of living as a lower class citizen in this country, she decided to live in three different states month by month while living on just what she made as an unskilled worker. Her decision first took her to Key West, Florida, where she begun working as a waitress in a restaurant. She was able to find an affordable living accommodation in a trailer on the outskirt of the city. Acknowledging that one job could not pay her living expenses, she sought a  second job as a hotel maid. The physical demands of both jobs resulted in Barbara leaving her second job. She was unable to complete the whole month before moving to Portland to continue her next experiment (Ehrenreich, 2008) . In Portland, she found a job as a maid with a residential housekeeping service. There she also took a second job as a dietary aide in a nursing home in order to meet her monthly living  expenses. She was indirectly forced to work seven days a week to meet the need of paying her monthly rent, food and clothing. She became an advocate for her co-workers while working as a maid, even though, she was able to win a day off for one of her co-workers who had sustained an injury at the job but afraid of losing her job kept working while injured (Ehrenreich, 2008) . Barbara’s final destination on her experiment was in Minneapolis, Minnesota where she was hired to work at a Wal-Mart store, putting clothes on shelves. In Minnesota she was not able to afford an expensive apartment due to her salary. The apartment vacancy rate in Minneapolis was so low that she had to stay in motels until she completed her experiment. Barbara had advocated for the lower class through her book, regarding the experience that lower class citizens go through in terms of self esteem, housing, education and power. She highlighted the deplorably conditions and humiliation that they face each day at work. She summarized some of the reasons why wages are kept low, the rationale for the humiliation, the yelling on and the psychological derailment of their self esteem that keeps them in a lower salary while the upper class reap off all the benefits from their hard labor in an exchange for coffee and donuts at times instead of a pay raise (Ehrenreich, 2008). There is a direct correlation between lower class and poor health. Conclusion Health disparities are often measured in terms of income, education, wealth, politics or influence and occupation. The combination of these factors including race and gender often determine our social worth. The experiment of Barbara Ehrenreich is a great example of discrimination, disparity, and she was a woman. African American men experience much more and receive much less. Looking at different cultures is not new to nurses, even Florence Nightingale analyzed her population to determine the care and services that were needed. Understanding and influencing culture, economics, the physical environments of our patient’s health practices, while assisting them to access to care will lead to promising outcomes (Jones, 2014). As quoted by Kathleen G. Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, â€Å"It is time to refocus, reinforce, and repeat the message that health disparities exist and that health equity benefits everyone.† References Argondezzi, Theresa (2001). The Many Faces of Health Care: Disparities in Minority Health. Retrieved November 13, 2014 from http://www.nursing.advanceweb.com/Article The -Many –Faces-of-Health-Care-Disparities –Minority. Barbara Ehrenreich (1999). Nickel and Dimed. Retrieved November 14, 2014 from http:// www.wesjones.com/ehrenreich.htm. Health and Human Services. A Nation Free of Disparities in Health and Health Care. Retrieved November 13, 2014. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan. Jones, Linda (2014). Letting Data Lead the Way. Retrieved November 14, 2014 from http:// www.nursing.advanceweb.com/Archieves/Article-Archive/Letting-Data-Lead-the-Way. Men’s Health Consulting. African American Men Experience Disproportionate Risk for Disease and Death. Retrieved November 15, 2014 from http://www.menshealth.org/code/ afroamer.html. Sebelius, Kathleen. Secretary, Health and Human Services

Changes In The Victorian Age essays

Changes In The Victorian Age essays The changes in the Victorian Age, approximately 69 years long, contributed more to the advancement of the world than the other two thousand years of its existence. It was a time of expansion, reform, and technological advancement. Thus mark twain was essentially correct in saying that British history is two thousand years old, and yet in a good many ways the world has moved farther ahead since the queen was born than it moved in the rest of the two thousand years put together. A moderate Whig, Lord Palmerston, had between 1830 and 1840, helped to expand the British empire. He served as their foreign minister and with the annexation of new Zealand and the beginning of a war with China, it seemed as though Palmerstons clever diplomacy showed promise for the British. This idea was affirmed with eventual acquisition of Hong Kong in 1842. British kept expanding. During much of the 1830s many new reforms were passed under Lord Melbourne of the Whig party. Slavery was abolished in the British Empire and the first child labor restrictions were passed. In 1832, the Reform bill was passed, expanding voter rights to men with property. When Sir Peel of the Tories came into power, He abolished the corn laws allowing some ease to famine victims. The Mid-Victorian period proved to be a time of prosperity in the field of technology. The McCormick reaper prevented agricultural decline while the Bessemer process helped simplify the steel making process, benefiting the industry and increasing textile imports. Transportation of people and goods was made easier by steamships and railways, also decreasing their costs. Antiseptic surgery was introduced by Joseph Lister and Florence Nightingale introduced the first modern nursing school. Many of the changes that took place in Britain during those nearly seven decades greatly affected the rest of the world. New things were introduced into the world, revoluti...

Taylor Is an English Occupational Name for a Tailor

Taylor Is an English Occupational Name for a Tailor Taylor is an English occupational name for a tailor, from Old French tailleur for tailor which comes from the Latin taliare, meaning to cut.  Taylor may also be an Americanized version of one of the several European surnames that derive from the occupation of a  tailor, including Schneider (German), Szabà ³ (Hungarian), Portnoy (Russian), Krawiec (Polish) and Kleermaker (Dutch). The biblical meaning of Taylor translates to clothed with salvation and the name means eternal beauty. Learn about Taylors Americanized name, alternate surname spellings along with popular people who have the surname. Popular Baby Name Taylor is among the most commonly found surnames, due to its popularity as a medieval occupation.  Its surname origin being  English,  the given name Taylor ranked #24 in a list of most popular baby names by the U.S. Social Security Administration in the year 2007. It is a gender-neutral name used for both girls and boys in the United States, England, Wales, Canada and more. Alternate Surname Spellings TaylaTaylerTailourTaylourTailleurTailorTayloeTyler Famous People With the Surname James Taylor: Popular American singer/songwriterZachary Taylor: Twelfth President of the United StatesJohn Baxter Taylor: First African American Olympic gold medalist Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Taylor Family Genes DNA Surname Project: Join other Taylor males and females in sorting out the various Taylor ancestral lines worldwide through Y Chromosome and DNA genetic testing.Taylor Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Taylor surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Taylor query.FamilySearch - TAYLOR Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Taylor surname and its variations.TAYLOR Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Taylor surname. References and Further Reading Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD, Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Conflict Management - Essay Example Individual conflict can also occur because of his different positions and roles with the organization. The individual can also create conflict within himself if there are too many ambiguities contained in his position. Therefore there are a number of reasons for conflicts, which an individual experiences within the confinement of his job duties. All conflicts are basically inter-personnel conflicts because most of the conflicts involve conflict between a person in one organization or a group and another person in other organization or a group. Inter-personnel conflict can be presented in terms of different levels of obstruction. Inter-personnel conflict may lead to delay in decision-making or may arise either due to distortion in the structure form or because of the complexity of individual needs. Inter-personnel conflict has the tendency to resolve itself because of the conflicting parties are not able to continue in a tense situation for a very long time. Time is the healing factor for interpersonal conflicts. It is the time factor, which normally helps to resolve interpersonal conflicts. In inter-organizational conflicts, the external environment like social institutions, group dynamism, and culture of the group and government policies plays an important role. Cont1icts are not evil but the art of the natural order. Conflicts are because of the generational gap. Managers must try to live with the conflict. If the conflict is properly handled, it can be constructive in achieving the results. It can act as a stimulus; it may be a challenge and motivational force to

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 87

Summary - Essay Example Some require a little time in the evening, especially on the direct hire side. I usually work anywhere from 8am to 9pm, sometimes even 10 pm. Most of my time is spent with sourcing candidates, either on LinkedIn or social networking. The rest of my time is spent working with the marketing side of things so that we can better attract candidates. It is not really that difficult because if a candidate is qualified then we obviously move forward with them. However, if there are some red flags then we will check them out to make sure that they are going to be a good candidate. On the marketing side, it can be easy if it is a company that is willing to build a relationship with us. There may be positions and opportunities that we want to work with them on so then we move forward with them on that. The difficulties often come from a business standpoint, but very rarely from the recruiting or marketing side. It depends on each company that we work with. It also depends on what their criteria is and the type of skill sets that they are looking for in their environment. As you can understand this varies from position to position. There is not only one set list of criteria that is used to determine whether to make a hire or not, it relies on a whole lot of different factors. My biggest challenge is that I have lots to do but very little time to complete it. There are not enough hours in the day. Another challenge is that I may have too many positions to work on. Finally, being able to find the right skill set to fill tech roles can prove to be a big obstacle. Internally it is a group decision because there needs to be a consensus among the group. On the client side, they ultimately make the decision, so we try to help work them through the process and guide them through who we feel are the best candidates. Ultimately the company is going to make a decision based on the candidates we present, so it is really important that we present the right ones to

Opportunities & Threats in Gold & Oil Investments Research Paper

Opportunities & Threats in Gold & Oil Investments - Research Paper Example According to the research findings with the ever increasing uncertainties regarding the overall global economic and fiscal outlook, the investment strategies have also experienced some major changes. It is actually belief and confidence of the people that changes as the time and situation changes. As a result, the real value of the investment changes with the perception of the people. The real worth or substance remains the same, however, the other party to the transaction perceives it to be either on a higher side, lower side or at a stable level. In short, the substance of the investment remains the same but what actually changes is the worth of that investment in the eyes of other person as per his/her perception, belief and confidence. The change in the perception of the people leads to the change in the worth of the investment as a result the investors actually face a risk that their investments can experience significant fluctuations associated with the unpredictable behavior o f the people. Over the years, there have been different patterns and trends that represent the psyche of the people regarding the riskiness of different types of investments. From bonds to stocks, commodities to metals, currencies to real estates, each different class has different sorts of risks associated with it. The risk appetite of individual investors also varies which in turn contributes significantly in the variation of the values of the investments. (Fabozzi, Gupta & Markowitz, 2002). The above mentioned asset classes can be broadly split into two categories namely as paper money investment and real substance based investment. For instance, currencies, bonds, stocks are considered as paper money as the investor ultimately do not acquire a physical substance or matter when he or she purchases investment. For example, by buying some shares of a company cannot actually allow a common stockholder towards entitling a specific asset of the company. Similarly the bonds or other pa per money instruments do not allow entitlement to the investors on a particular asset of the issuer of that instrument. On the other hand, the non-paper money instruments provide a possession of the investment in the form of goods, property or any other physical substance. The term â€Å"physical delivery† for these kinds of investments is vastly associated as they entitle the investor for the taking the actual physical delivery of the form of their goods (Shefrin & Statman, 2000). For instance, in case of metals, gold, silver or platinum, the physical delivery is possible and the investor can keep the possession of the metals with himself. Similarly, in case of real estate property, the investor can actually take the possession of a particular property after transferring the property documents. The above two categories of investments have some specific risks associated with them due to which the non-paper money based investments are considered as safe heavens for the investo rs as the investor enjoys the possession of those investments and later on can make the use of those goods for his/her personal needs unlike paper money investments which are intended to be returned to other investors or the issuers of those investments because they cannot be used for personal needs. On the basis of usage or consumption as well as holding the possession of those investments, this particular assignment deals with the opportunities and threats that rest with the investments that are movable in nature (FinanceSpain, 2012). Particularly the investment in gold and oil are highlighted in the discussion. Gold is a precious metal which is the most highly recognized and consumed metal especially used in the jewelry and ornaments. Oil is the commodity which is used as an energy resource for varieties of different purposes. Both of these investment classes have distinct opportunities and threats which are discussed separately in further sections. The first section emphasizes o n the opportunities

Corrective And Preventive Action In Quality Management Information Technology Essay

Corrective And Preventive Action In Quality Management Information Technology Essay CAPA is an important Quality tool in the pharmaceutical industry. CAPA is defined as the corrective action and the preventive action. A corrective action is a change implemented to address a weakness identified in a management system whereas the preventive action is The action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity or other undesirable potential situation. Management plays a key role in the successful implementation of the CAPA system for achieving the high quality pharmaceutical products. It helps the management to identify the problem that arises in the system and helps the administration to come up with the innovative ideas to improve the quality of the product.This Document discusses the Obstacles for achieving the integrated CAPA compliance, quality system CAPA procedure, Flow chart for implementing the CAPA system, phases of the CAPA system, benefits of the CAPA system .. In this stage of the CAPA process there must be the problem that has been identified, defined and documented. The documentation should completely explain about how the information has been gathered and it also should have the proof for the existing problem. In the appraisal stage the quality personnel member of the CAPA case will need to determine the impact of the quality on the companys overall quality management system which include cost, function, safety, quality etc.. The determination regarding impact should include the risk to the customers as well as risk to the employers. Once the impact and the risks are identified then the seriousness is determined. Based upon the companies long term experience the companies will associate the varying degree of the seriousness based upon which the necessary corrective and preventive actions will be taken. DISCOVERY:- Phase-3 discovery phase commences only when the remedial action does not solve the problem during phase-2 or when a long term action is required then the phase-3 action commences. Discovery phase is also called as the investigation phase and before the investigation commences specific goals are set in a manner such that these goals are accomplished before the phase-6.For accomplishing these goals specific strategy is developed which includes specific strategy for determining the contributing and root cause of the problem. It also include all specific circumstances related to the problem which include training, software, external factors, procedures, personnel, materials and equipment. EXAMINATION:- During the examination phase rooting out of the problem takes place after determining the possible and probable causes of the problem and data has been collected to refute these problems. The data that has been collected during this stage has been organized and documented .The sources for the examination phase can be from the testing results and review of the records, processes, service information, design control, operations which helps in determining the root cause of the problem. All the information is collected, organized and documented in readable form. ACTION AND IMPELMENTATION:- During this phase the REAL LIFE of the CAPA takes place. In this stage the investigator has to determine the root cause of the problem and he or she has to develop the methodology that prevents the problem to occur further. All the incidents in this stage are documented and for the successful implementation of this stage a successful CAPA SOFTWARE has been introduced which not only save the time and money but also keeps the records for the long term usage for tracking how the problem has been resolved. OBSTACLES FOR ACHEVING INTEGRATED CAPA COMPLIANCE:- CAPA management is an important part of the regulatory requirement which helps in reducing the liability, increases the customer satisfaction, helps in the reduction of the financial losses and strengthens the companys reputation. To achieve the maximum benefits from the CAPA, it must be an integral part of the enterprise compliance and quality management system(ECQM) which helps in the collection of the data on the existing problem, investigators will analyze the potential data, digs out the root cause of the problem, addresses the issues and follows the procedures to avoid the similar problem in the future and documents the entire process. CAPA can be effective only when it is an integral part of the companys culture. However they were many obstacles which prevents for achieving a truly integrated quality management system. Among those are the 1-DISPARATE SYSTEMS:- CAPA compliance is included in companys standard operating procedures however it is difficult to achieve the process with systems that most companies have. They are different programs that dont interface with each other, homegrown systems that dont have universal recognition, delaying the resolution of the quality issues and clouding the compliance picture. 2-LAX DOCUMENTATION:- Companies should require the centralized control without which the documentation chain required by the regulatory agencies is frequently broken. Companies should document their CAPA procedures without which the FDA will not know the CAPA requirements have been fulfilled. 3-COMMUNICATION BARRIERS BETWEEN CULTURES AND SPECILATIES:- Employees working in the company dont speak the same language, literally. In addition the terms that an engineer uses to describe a quality system may be different from that marketing manager or the compliance officer. 4-LACK OF TRAINING:- Majority of the employees that are working in the compliance issues are not well trained.so the Employees who are working in the quality management do not know, understand and take the responsibility as their role as the quality management. 5-DISCONNECT AMONG BUSINESS UNITS:- CAPA management is frequently seen as a job for the quality management but not as a concern in which production, RD, marketing or other departments which should be involved. 6-NON COLLECTION OF TRENDING DATA OR DATA NOT READILY AVAILABLE TO APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL:- Without the integrated ECQM, most departments keep the records on their own systems without which the company management cannot see the Companies compliance picture. Without this vision, the management cannot predict and prevent possible deficiency to meet the CAPA regulations. 7-SEEKING A QUICK FIX VERSUS SEEKING TO CORRECT THE ROOT CAUSE:- Companies generally focus on the product and the material issues rather than reaching below the surface to identify and address quality concerns. It results on focusing on product problems rather than on the systemic issues which prevents them to correct a root problem. However getting to the root cause is main aim of the CAPA. TRUE CAPA implementation is to identify and correct the problem by putting practices to prevent the future issues which require the integration and flow of information freely among companies various departments and locations. Five steps for success of CAPA system:- 1. Companies should implement an effective quality management system for tracking and logging the events utilizing centralized software system which helps in determining the root cause and implement an effective CAPA system. Moreover it also helps in the reduction on the boundaries between various departments. 2. Companies should implement an effective comprehensive investigation and root cause analysis which helps in developing the effective corrective and preventive action. 3. Accountability is maintained through notification and escalation procedures by utilizing the automated and the on the demand reporting. Communication helps in the resolution of the events in the timely manner whereas notification helps the management know where exactly the record is in and who is working on it. Notifications are approved to key personnel via record origination, record assignment, task completion and record approval. An escalation procedure helps in ensuring the key personnel about the dates approach and priority management responsible tool to the particular parties. 4. Easy accessibility of the Records, Notification and reports helps all the key personnel in the immediate response of the resolution process. Web based system also helps in to log in into QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM from any location which helps in quick response. 5. Effective checks are conducted to measure how well the CAPA plan worked Post implementation. A well-defined planning is essential for the elimination of the recurring events. This system helps in creating and assigning the effectiveness of the check records for each CAPA plan. If the issue is resolved, a review is conducted in the final stage. Phases of CAPA system:- CAPA system plays an important role in the quality management system. CAPA consists of the four important phases.. Phase-1: Planning Planning for the Measurement, Analysis and Improvement Process Establish the Data Sources and the Criteria Phase2: Measurement and Analysis Customer survey Service Report Process Control Complaints Supplier performance Return Product Supplier Performance Quality Audit Measurement and Analysis Phase-3 Improvement Identify the Action Identify the Root Cause Investigate Verification Of identified Action Implement Action Determine Effectiveness of Implemented Action Reporting to Management Management Review Phase 4 Input Management Sample CAPA Process Flow Factory Distributor Customer Data Corrective Action Request CRA Remediation Action RMA CAPA Completed No Action Needed CAPA Needed Root cause analysis and Corrective Action TASK Effective No YES CLOSE Requirements of Corrective and Preventive action (21 CFR 820, Subpart J) (1) For the corrective and preventive action, manufacturer should create and maintain the procedure and this procedure include some requirements for:- a) Service record complaints, Audit report of quality, records of quality, and operations of work, quality data sources to justify the obtainable and possible cause of original product. For detection of returning quality problems, this type of statistical methodology should be employed b) For the product, processes, and the system of quality, consider the cause of non-fulfillment of requirement. c) For the reappearance of unusual product and problem related to quality, recognize the corrective and preventive action. d) To decide the recognized corrective and preventive action is successful and has no adverse effect on finished devices; validate that corrective and preventive action. e) For correct and prevent recognized problem of quality it is necessary to implementing and recording the changes in method and procedure. f) Decide that information which are related to the problem of quality which is circulated and directly responsible to give surety such product quality for avoid of such problem. g) For review of Management, submit the corrective and preventive action and information of recognized problem of quality. (2) All actions necessary under this section, and their results should be documented Benefits and futures of CAPA (Fig -1- Benefits and Future of CAPA) 1.COST EFFECTIVE:-Many organizations do not implement a robust CAPA process because of its high cost.so CAPA is tracked by simple spreadsheets and home grown database which do not require full CAPA requirements. Where as Ready CAPA provides an application to meet quality management at an affordable price. 2. COMPLETE VALIDATION PACKAGE:-It is the part of the READY CAPA which ensures that the application is ready to use in days versus weeks 3. WORK FLOW APPROACH:-READY-CAPA enables to know that issues are tracked completely to resolution. CAPA helps in deciding the issues related to the problem and helps in solving and easily documented. It also helps in deciding the progress of the CAPA. 4.REGULATORY COMPLIANCE:-The procedures and policies followed by the companies must meet the regulatory compliance which includes the identification of the interphase system, constructed and tested the documents and policies and procedures. 5.CLOSED LOOP CAPA PROCESS:-It is implemented by the Ready CAPA electronic work flow. This helps in identifying the issues ,investigating the cause, action planning for the corrective and preventive action, implementing the actions, verifying the quality assurance approval, monitoring the periodic challenge option and closing 6. Closed loop CAPA helps to reduce the loss of data. 7. Closed loop CAPA management helps in providing the controlled environment. 8. CAPA helps in increasing the product quality by reducing the product cost and cycle time. Conclusion:- Now a days Quality has become an important issue in the pharmaceutical Industry. CAPA plays an important role in achieving the high quality of the pharmaceutical products. Many pharmaceutical companies are implementing the CAPA system which helps in reduction of the cost as well as improve the quality of the product. For the successful implementation of the CAPA, there should be a well-trained knowledgeable operator. The main aim of the CAPA is to identify the Root Cause of the problem and provide a solution to the problem that does not occur repetitively. Manufacturers when implementing the corrective and preventive actions must comply with the ISO standards for achieving the high quality. Management plays a key role in the successful implementation of the CAPA in the company for achieving the high quality of the product. Thus this document provides the guidance for the successful implementation of the CAPA.